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YOUTH ARE AWESOME

Youth Are Awesome, commonly referred to as YAA, is a blog written by youth for youth. YAA provides the youth of Calgary a place to amplify their voices and perspectives on what is happening around them. Youth Are Awesome is a program of Youth Central.

Any views or opinions expressed on this blog belong solely to the author and do not represent those of people or organizations that the blog may be associated with, unless explicitly stated. All content is for informational purposes only.

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The First Calgary Stampede

Before the Calgary Stampede was the “greatest outdoor show on earth,” it was simply an idea born from a city kid who had long since dreamt of the cowboy way of life. Inspired by agricultural exhibitions dating back to 1886 and matched with his desire to branch out as an impresario, Guy Weadick formed a vision of Calgary as an optimal environment for a frontier celebration that would see him achieve his dreams and leave a lasting legacy in the city of Calgary.

Growing up, Guy Weadick (b. 1885 in Rochester, N.Y.) was enchanted with the cowboy way of life thanks to the pop culture that included Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show, which romanticised the American frontier. As a teen, he headed out west and while working on ranches, Weadick quickly developed skills in riding and roping and a knack for storytelling, which were marketable commodities in the entertainment world.

Weadick eventually made his way to Calgary with the pitch of his life, though it’s worth noting that he was not met with open arms. Unfortunately for him, Calgary was in the midst of a huge boom and the idea of a frontier celebration was quickly dismissed as a little too old-fashioned for a city where the ranching industry was fading in its influence. Initially, home to little more than a fort, a few ramshackle homes, and some tents, Calgary quickly surged in population, especially after the arrival of the railway and was known for being a place of frequent excitement. At the time, most Calgarians considered themselves to be sophisticated and the popular idea was that farming would develop with the influx of population, signalling the end of the golden days of cowboys and ranches.

Guy Weadick was about ready to give up on his ambitions after his failure, but then luckily for him, a Medicine Hat rancher by the name of A.P. Day (who would go on to become the first arena director) changed everything. If Weadick could successfully garner enough interest, Day promised to contribute to the exhibition and provide $10,000 in funds and good bucking horses.

What followed was an extremely fortuitous meeting with the owner of the Bar U Ranch, George Lane, who then set up a later meeting with Patrick Burns and A.E. Cross. The three were wealthy businessmen who owed their fortune to the cattle industry, and were enthusiastic in response to Weadick’s pitch and promised to help fund the exhibition. Rancher A.J. McLean also pitched in, and together they formed the “Big Four” and provided $100,000 for the inaugural Calgary Stampede.

Over a century has passed since then and the humble origins of the event pale in comparison to it’s larger than life modern-day adaptation. Though technological advances and daring delicacies draw a striking difference between the current exhibition and its predecessors, one thing remains to be certain: culture has remained a pillar within the foundation of this world class event, and continues to do so over a century after its inception.

Not only does the event celebrate the history of western-Canada, but other cultures too. Over the years, Calgary has evolved into an environment where people from all walks of life live and prosper together. Our city is home to more than 240 different ethnic origins, so it makes sense that we celebrate this diversity rather than stress a homogeneous society.

And that’s something that I love about the Calgary Stampede. The diversity. And I’m not speaking only in terms of celebrating ethnic diversity, but the diverse range of activities that the event offers. The exhibition has expanded into one of Canada’s largest festivals and boasts dozens of midway rides, games, an annual concert series, a world famous rodeo, and special delicacies. It’s truly a one of a kind event and stands as a testament to why over a million people flocked to the event every year.

So why is this event so important besides the fact that it allows us to play dress up and eat garbage for 10 days? The Calgary Stampede has had a profound impact on the city while preserving elements of western-Canadian history as well as distinctive cultural traditions of First Nations participants. Today, the Calgary Stampede is heavily associated with not only Calgary’s identity, but also Canada’s identity. You can’t think of Canada without the Stampede, so trying to imagine one without the other is easier said than done.

The annual exhibition has become so well known and significant in Canada’s historical timeline that it was officially designated as a national historical event in 2012, a century after the first Stampede. Many Calgarians and tourists alike have relished in the hours of entertainment the Stampede has offered, and if I’m being honest, I hope I never have to live in a world without the greatest outdoor show on earth, for a life without free pancake breakfasts and delicious mini donuts is a cruel dystopia I prefer not to picture.


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This post explored the years 1912-1917 of Canadian history

Ways to Procrastinate Better

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I’m sitting here writing away in the later stages of the night, when I should be fast asleep after having completed my meager and easily manageable hours of homework, exercise and routine music practice. But I’ve delayed so much, and I’m sure I’m not the only one who wonders how time slips by as easily as sand between one’s fingers – and after having accomplished nothing at all! Outrageous! Preposterous! Is this even legal?

AAAAAAAHHHHHHHHHHHH

I guess I procrastinate guiltily: whereas the regular kind involves doing something fun that could at least make one happier, I sit on my bed and randomly get up to fix that piece of paper that isn’t quite at a right angle to the sides of my desk, or read some random article that leads to another, and consequently another… I’m trying to allot time specifically for procrastination; planning an hour doing nothing is much better than trying in vain to be productive and miserably thinking of other things… right? (If you’re a student and you’re scoffing at procrastination, you aren’t human. Hop back into your spaceship and get off our planet.)

So in attempt to help your (and my own) procrastination become more effective in relieving stress, here are some things I think would work!

1. Watch some YouTube videos! I really like the Ted-Ed channel here; the content is interesting and some riddles just make me give up and gape in awe while they explain the solution. On a more serious note, there’s psychologist Dr. Jordan B Peterson’s channel where he posts lectures he gives to his uni students – I don’t watch unless I have a lot of time: they last an hour or more and I can’t bring myself to stop listening. (But there’s always time for things that aren’t homework… heh) I also browse channels that like to challenge social norms, like PragerU and 1791.

2. Try exercising! Oh, no… I can already feel the scalding hatred being directed towards me. I find that the pain of exercise makes me feel like I’m doing something so I don’t need to feel guilty about sitting around. But the instant I think of it as a routine, since I’m bored so often and I resort to it a lot, I don’t want to do it anymore. Weird, eh? But, by all means, don’t do it if you think I’m being ridiculous.

Ouch

3. Look at memes! I’m pretty sure everyone has done this before to some extent, but I love my daily dose of memes. There’s almost a sort of hierarchy to the “dankness” that memes possess; as you see more and more of the regular memes you no longer become satisfied with those typical ones. There’s always something out there for people at all levels of humor. (Although I do have to warn that some may suggest uncomfortable or even unacceptable notions, memes are intended to be comedic; I ideologically disagree with the vast majority of memes I laugh at.)

I hope these suggestions help make your procrastination more fulfilling and satisfy your needs so you can get back to being productive. Thanks for reading!

Images: Banner/1/2 (3 is own image)

WCHS Drama Department Presents : Hamlet

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Come watch a version of Shakespeare’s “Hamlet” you’re not going to forget. 

Here’s what we know about WCHS’s awaited fall production :

 

– The play is set in the 90’s, however it uses the same dialect written in the original play.

–  Lord Hamlet? Now made Lady Hamlet! Ophelia and Hamlet are both played by girls!

– The set design is very cool (As per usual)

– A cut version of the original play but still just as good

The cast and crew of this production have worked tirelessly and endlessly to give us this show and show week is nearing closer! November 21-24 to be exact. So make sure to get your tickets! 13$ at the door or buy your tickets during lunch time (11:50 – 12 : 30) if you go to Western Canada High School to guarantee a ticket! The play starts at 7:30pm and doors open at 7:00pm with a pre-show by a local band made up of students, alumni of WCHS, and professionals (who also plays music throughout the play). The play runs 90 minutes. Don’t miss out on this chance to see a wonderful play with amazing people on and behind stage!

Women’s Suffrage

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It’s stating the obvious to say that Canada has changed since 1917. Look at us. In just a century, we’ve already completed so many things. In my opinion, the most influential event that took place during the years of 1917-1922 was women gaining their right to vote.

The campaign for women’s suffrage in Canada began back in 1876 but was not fully achieved until 1919. Near the mid-1800’s, women began to feel excluded from activities that were mainly done by men and wished for equality for not just suffrage but for healthcare, education, and employment as well. During WWI, when the women were serving in the war and taking over the men’s jobs, it was difficult to ignore their proposition. Step-by-step, the right to vote for a Canadian woman over the age of 21 was finally established.

I find this campaign and this fight the women took up as a really admirable thing. As a feminist, I love to see others speak and fight for their rights as a female.

On April 19, 1916, Albertan women were given voting rights. On May 24, 1918, it was stated that “National Women who are British subjects, 21 years of age, and otherwise meet the qualifications entitling a man to vote, are entitled to vote in a Dominion election.” And on January 1, 1919, all women 21 and over were permitted to participate in political life. Almost a decade later, we’ve already had two women represent as our Premier of Alberta. How amazing is it that we went from not being able to vote to actually win an election? What a long way we’ve come since then.

As a girl living in Canada, I am extremely grateful for that. I’m happy to know that I can grow up in a place where I can contribute my voice to the decisions made for my country. I’m well aware the inequality for women still exists now, but if one hundred years ago we could receive the right to participate in political activities (which was considered a pretty big jump back then for women), I’m optimistic and hopeful for what we can accomplish in the next 100 years.

I may not live until Canada’s next 150 years, but I will try my hardest to contribute as much as I can to ensure our next generation of women even more equality. This one’s for Canada (Whoop)! And this one’s for its girls (Whoop)!

 

 

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This post explored the years 2007-2012 of Canadian history

The Invention of Insulin Treatment

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In our world today, millions of diabetics lead normal lives, different from everyone else only in that they may need insulin injections sometimes. We may not think about it much today, but there was an incredible upheaval behind the invention of insulin treatment, a story that is distinctly Canadian.

One of the major functions of insulin is to communicate with body cells and make them take up glucose from the bloodstream.

Dr. Fredrick Banting was a medical scientist teaching classes at Western University. He was inspired to study diabetes from an article that he read on the inner workings of the pancreas. While the presence of insulin as a protein that caused the breakdown of glucose was well known, many scientists had difficulty extracting insulin from pancreatic cells, as the pancreas also produces enzymes that break down other proteins including insulin. Banting’s technique for the isolation of insulin was ingenious: he tied off the pancreatic duct to kill the cells that produced the enzyme that broke down other proteins and then isolated the insulin. Starting in 1921, Banting worked with Charles Best, J.J.R. Macleod, and James Collip in a laboratory at the University of Toronto to begin to isolate insulin. They continued to work, with plenty of trial and error, with each solution that they isolated becoming purer. On January 11th of 1922, the first injection of an insulin extract was given to a child at the Toronto General Hospital. However, due to impurities in the extract, the boy suffered an allergic reaction. Banting and his team would work to continue to purify the extract, and in 12 days a purer extract was given to the same boy, who responded extremely well this time. News of this invention spread, and soon large companies were assisting in the purification of more insulin. Insulin was soon commercially available. Banting and Macleod were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923, which they shared with Best and Collip.

A photograph of Charles Best, left, and Dr. Fredrick Banting, right.

Prior to the isolation of insulin, Type 1 Diabetes essentially guaranteed death for afflicted individuals. With the purification of insulin by Banting and his team, millions are now able to lead normal lives instead of suffering from diabetic conditions. This medical innovation was one of the most impactful events in Canadian history – in fact, Banting garnered the fourth most votes in voting for “The Greatest Canadian.”  Banting’s contribution to insulin treatment has positively benefitted countless people, and is, without a doubt, a great source of Canadian pride.

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This post explored the years 1922-1927 of Canadian history

What To See In YYC: November 18-21, 2017

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Check the list out if you want to do something this week.

Balzac Christmas Market

The annual Balzac Christmas Market is the perfect spot to pick up some gifts for your friends and family. Little children also have the chance to take photos with Santa! There will also be a food truck at the event.

Time:

10 a.m. to 4 p.m.

Date: Nov 18

For more information please click here.

Location:

Balzac Community Hall
10075 Township Rd. 262
Balzac, AB

Demetri Martin

American standup comedian Demetri Martin has a tour across Canada this fall. He returns to Canada again after a sold-out tour in 2012. He headlined in the 2014 Just For Laughs festival. This time he is creating a more diverse body of work but will bring to Calgary his standup routine of deadpan one-liners and musical accompaniment that originally brought him to fame.

Time:

7 p.m.

Date: Nov 18

For more information please click here.

Location:

MacEwan Hall
402 Collegiate Blvd. N.W.
Calgary, AB

Charlotte’s Web

Want to spend some time with your family together? Got to a family-friendly holiday show. E.B. White’s well-known story has been brought to the stage. See how a young girl named Fern forges an unlikely friendship with a pig, Wilbur and a spider, Charlotte. This is a musical version of this heartwarming story about friendship and love.

Time:

Tuesday 7:30 p.m.
Wednesday 7:30 p.m.
Friday 7:30 p.m.
Saturday 1 p.m.; 6 p.m.
Sunday 1 p.m.

Date: Nov 21 to Dec 31

For more information please click here.

Location:

Martha Cohen Theatre, Arts Commons
215 8 Ave. S.E.
Calgary, AB

 

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Some Frustrations About Learning

Something that bothers me quite a bit is when somebody acts as if I’m not able to do something when I know that I am capable. I like to take on new challenges. I think that a person learns the most when they are overcoming obstacles. This can apply to anyone in anything that they are doing, from sports to music, social situations to math. What doesn’t help learning is having the pureed knowledge spoon-fed to you in fear that you will choke when you are able to hold the utensils and digest solid information on your own. This only encourages people to give up without trying when they come across a small lump, an unfamiliar situation.

In our English language arts classes, we are expected to have insightful ideas and perceptive interpretations that are well-communicated through our writing. I often end up wondering if I am looking too deeply into whatever text we are reading. However, in French language arts classes, this standard of insight is greatly lowered. While it’s true that most of the students in the classes have been studying French for only 4-10 years and English for their whole lives, it doesn’t seem right that it’s as if we are not as smart when communicating in another language. The ideas that we can produce should still be of the same quality. Furthermore, we should be taking steps forward, not back. There is no point in writing an essay with a partner in order to understand what the structure of an essay is supposed to look like when that same essay structure should have already been mastered. It is a waste of time to relearn things again and again when they should have been understood long ago.

Maybe one of the problems with school is that we are taught what we are supposed to learn, but many of us don’t know why we are learning it or how we are supposed to learn it. This leads to a disinterest in the subject, then the loss of the desire to persevere when faced with obstacles. This in turn is misinterpreted as a lack of understanding, causing the repetition of the material, which leads to a stronger disinterest. It is a vicious cycle. Since students do not have much choice in what they want to learn in school and how they can learn it, there is not much that can be done about breaking the cycle. The best thing that you can do to avoid it is to enrich your learning on your own time, from joining different extracurricular activities to doing your own research on the topic of your choice. Maybe then the love of learning can be saved.

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A Great Depression, yet Great Innovation

October 29, 1929:

The New York Stock Exchange has crashed. Rapid inflation has led to even steeper deflation and in turn, people are losing money faster than they can even begin to realize. The Great Depression is coming: a time when unemployment hits rock bottom, a time when all the world suffers and begins to lose hope in the truly failing economy.  It is the US that is the first to be hit, however other countries such as Canada, dependent on the US for trade, suffer almost as much.

We mustn’t forget this terrible time. We mustn’t forget the losses, the suffering, and the lessons we have learned since.

However, we mustn’t blind ourselves by growing to associate this time with only the bad. Humanity has always had a knack for taking times of suffering and turning them into times of opportunity, and the Great Depression has been no exception. In school, we focus on the causes, the impacts, the losses, and the lessons learned from the Great Depression. This is all important, however, I wanted to bring light to another aspect of the Depression: the innovation that took place despite the difficulties.

Ideas. Inventions. Improvements of the old, and a vision of the new.

There had definitely been a lot happening in terms of innovation before the Depression- after all, the period before wasn’t called the ‘roaring twenties’ for nothing. This was a time when all sorts of gadgets and gizmos, ads for films and pop culture, and anything else in between had been largely produced and advertised everywhere in the US and Canada. This was the period after WWI when people were tired of war and misery and found their comfort by coming home to the large array of companies that sold all sorts of things in order to make people’s lives easier. Thus, it is only natural that so many innovations occurred in this time where there were high demands and no war to get in the way.

In many ways, the roaring twenties ended when the stock market, suffering from inflation caused by people spending money they didn’t actually have, inevitably crashed. The days of cheap everything and decent employment had ended, and the Depression had begun. Even so, inventive minds weren’t stopped, and developments and innovations continued to be made.

Firstly- Communications Technologies

Numerous improvements in telecommunications were made right in the thick of the Depression. Indeed, the Trans-Canada Telephone System was started in 1931, only a couple years after the start of the Depression, and this was a large group of telephone companies that would lay down the foundations for a national telephone network. Around this time, there was also a lot of improvements in communications technologies, and Canadians went from having to dial Europe via the US to being able to directly connect, thus making the nation more independent and improving its communications with the world. With better communications technologies comes better opportunity for Canada to spread and gain knowledge from the world, and the fact that these innovations took place during the Great Depression stands as tribute to the fact that no matter what difficulties arise, people will always pursue innovation and opportunity nevertheless.

Household Tech: A Family Favourite

Not only was there a massive advancement in household technologies during the ‘roaring twenties,’ but this also carried forward into the Great Depression. During this time, numerous improvements were made, including the production of automatic washing machines, a trend started by John Chamberlain who made people’s lives easier by making it so that clothes are not only washed, but also dried in one cycle of his washing machine. This wasn’t it though- there were many more improvements in household technologies during the Great Depression, almost relentlessly despite the poverty. Interesting then, that despite the difficulties of the time, people still enjoyed these sorts of improvements that made their lives easier, and continued to move forward in developing the technologies needed to do so.

Now, what else does a household need to function? Well, people used to be quite fond of those ancient devices that you could only use to watch video… ah yes, television.

Reginald Fessenden was another pursuer of innovation, but his specialty was in TV technology. This Quebec-born inventor was well-known for his many improvements in television and transmissions, many of these being made in the midst of the Depression, around the 1930s. Though he died in 1932, his inventions are still seen today and though they came out during a time of difficulty, it is nice to think that they were appreciated during that time as well.

For Your Convenience: The Snowblower

Funny that when we imagine the Great Depression, we often envision a time when all were struggling in poverty and could hardly afford any necessities, never mind luxuries. This isn’t wrong, however we must not totally neglect the fact that though many were experiencing difficulties, people were still inventing some luxuries or little knick-knacks that make life easier.

Such can be seen with the example of the snowblower! Invented by Arthur Sicard in Saint-Therese, Quebec, these were commonly used by 1927 to remove snow off of roads. Not only was it far more efficient than the humble shovel, but this innovation allowed for the further development of his company, which also continued to grow and provide more significant innovations later on. During this time of Depression, it is inspiring to see someone invent something to make all our lives easier, and especially considering the time, one can imagine anything of the sort was extremely helpful or at least a welcome distraction.

And to finish it off — Table Hockey!

In such times of difficulty, people also have a knack for getting really creative. Rather than depending on stores, they make some of their own things, including gifts, which are cheaper and often more personal. Such was the case with Donald H. Munro, a Torontonian who, lacking money for Christmas presents, and instead invented table hockey in 1932. Not only did this provide enjoyment then, but table hockey is still widely played now, including by Canadians like myself who find their ability in the actual sport of hockey to be somewhat lacking.

In the end, we can see the Great Depression was not just a time of great misery — rather, people showed some of their best in the innovations they made.

It’s encouraging to realize that despite so many difficulties, humans are still capable of finding a way to get around to inventing things, whether they be little bits of entertainment or pursuing the greater development of technology. In times of misery and poverty, we are still capable of doing little things or making innovations that will help our species move forward. To realize this, and to think about how our species never will stop progressing, even if it’s only by a little, no matter the difficulties of the present day — it’s kind of inspiring.

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This post explored the years 1927-1932 of Canadian history

A Great Canadian: David Suzuki

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Some may know him from his 11th Hour Documentary, others know him as the host of the CBC TV program The Nature of Things. A Canadian scientist, environmentalist, and broadcaster, David Suzuki is a world leader in sustainable ecology. He is best recognized for his successful efforts to educate the public about climate change and the environment.

In 1936, David Suzuki was born. His contributions would work to help Canadian Society move towards and greener movement and help Canada get on track to become a global environmental leader.

Unless we are willing to encourage our children to reconnect with and appreciate the natural world, we can’t expect them to help protect and care for it.

David Suzuki is a renowned geneticist who was born in Vancouver, BC. He has a Ph. D in Zoology and is currently a professor at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Nature and the environment have been of interest to him since he was a young boy. He credits his passion for this area of study to his Father as he and his dad often spent time outdoors.

[My Dad] took me camping and fishing and instilled in me a love of nature and the outdoors.

His work in assisting and engaging Canadians to adopt more sustainable lifestyles has certainly caught global attention. Without his efforts, who knows how many Canadian families may not have the resources to make educated choices about living “greener”?

Whatever the case is, I think we can all agree that David Suzuki is a hero and very much invaluable to our Canadian Society. May we forever remember the mark he has left and is continuing to leave on our lives.

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This post explored the years 1932-1937 of Canadian history

The Birth of Air Canada

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The airplane has become one of the indispensable ways for modern people to travel. It not only brings us to all parts of the world but also the fastest way of transportation. Because the airplanes travel to different countries, it has become the symbols of countries.

Air Canada is the largest airline and flag carrier of Canada. The airline founded in 1937. It provides scheduled and charter air transport for passengers and cargo to 182 destinations worldwide. It is the world’s eighth-largest passenger airline by size.

Air Canada was born as Trans-Canada Air Lines three-quarters of a century ago on April 10, 1937. It had the mission to span the young country’s broad expanse by air. Trans-Canada Air Lines (TCA), was created by federal legislation as a subsidiary of Canadian National Railway. The Department of Transport under Minister C.D. Howe wanted an airline under government control to link cities on the Atlantic coast to the Pacific coast. Two Lockheed Model 10 Electras and on Boeing Stearman biplane were purchased from Canadian Airways and experienced airline executives from United Airlines and American Airlines were brought in.

Lockheed Model 10A Electra

Former First-World-War fighter ace Donald MacLaren is hired to set up the TCA pilot-recruiting program. One of the most experienced and infamous flyers in the country, MacLaren attracts some of the top pilots, including many who pioneered bush-flying operations in Canada or who flew during the war.Donald MacLaren was hired to set up the TCA pilot-recruiting program. He was a former First-World-War fighter and one of the most experienced flyers in the country. MacLaren attracts some of the top pilots, including many who flew during the war.

Passenger operations kicked off on September 1, 1937. A Lockheed Electra, carrying two passengers and mail, goes from Vancouver to Boeing Field, Seattle, in 50 minutes. The ticket cost $7.90 one way, $14.20 return.

Video’s of passengers fly

As an international student, Air Canada gave me the first impression of Canadian culture. Even though I am not a Canadian but I think the Canadian history and culture need everyone to cherish and remember.

 

Source of Images:1/2/3/4

 

This post explored the years 1937-1942 of Canadian history

Canada in WW2

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As it is 2017, Canada is 150-years-old! 150 years, that is how long our great country has stood and I am here to take you on a trip down memory lane, reminding you of five specific years in Canada’s history. And, surprise, surprise, I’ve chosen the years 1942-1947, the WW2/post war era! (Just a little background information, world war two began in 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. Then, as allies with Poland, both France and Great Britain declared war on Germany. Canada, in support of Britain, declared war on Germany a few days later.)


1942- 1942 was a year of many things, but for Canadians, a big moment was in August: the Battle of Dieppe or the Dieppe Raid. It was an allied raid on the French port of Dieppe with the forces containing a majority of Canadian soldiers since Canadian war generals wanted Canadian troops to experience the war and be in on the fight. Since it was too early for Operation Overlord (D-Day), the allies planned the Dieppe Raid, which would provide lessons and experiences for the famous amphibious invasion in Normandy two years later.

For Dieppe, there were approximately 6,000 allied soldiers, 5,000 of them being Canadian. Even more interesting, Dieppe was supported by The Calgary Regiment (yes, our Calgary)! Isn’t it crazy that our city participated in, not only Canada’s but one of World War Two’s pivotal battles over 70 years ago? Unfortunately, the Dieppe Raid concluded with an Axis victory and allied casualties* reached 3,367. But despite that, Dieppe was and will continue to be a big part of Canada’s history for the sacrifices made contributed to the successful invasion of Normandy, one that ultimately helped the allies win the war. The Dieppe Canadian War Cemetery still stands today in the town of Hautôt-Sur-Mer, honouring and remembering the brave Canadian soldiers who lost their lives in service during Dieppe. It is important that we appreciate these men and women for their fearless actions.


1943- In December 1943 was the Battle of Ortona. This battle was fought between just the Canadians and the Germans on Italian grounds. It was one of Canada’s toughest battles and had cost over 2,000 casualties but resulted in a Canadian victory. The battle was apart of the Italian Campaign in which Canadian and other allied forces invaded Italy. Like the name suggests, the battle was for the town of Ortona, which was defended by the Germans. The German defence was surprising for the Canadians, leading to a week-long street war so extreme that it was nicknamed “Little Stalingrad.” The town was eventually surrendered to the Canadians, bringing an end to the rather short but deadly battle.


1944- Just one year before the ending of WW2, a great historical event took place on the sixth of June. That was the Invasion of Normandy, also known as D-Day. D-Day was the allied amphibious invasion of the French coast of Normandy, barging into Hitler’s “Fortress Europe.” It was one of the offensives that conclusively helped the allies secure victory.

For Operation Overlord (D-Day), there were five assigned beaches which American, British and Canadian troops used to invade. Canada’s beach was named Juno Beach. Around 22,000 Canadian soldiers were involved in this grand operation. After the failed Dieppe raid, this was like Canada’s comeback, and it sure was a powerful one. This key role contributed immensely to the later victory.

Like most soldiers from other countries, Canadian troops had a bunch of young men, some as young as 18 years old. It’s unbelievable that seven decades ago, men so young they should be considered kids, were risking their lives to fight for their country. The fact that they decided they wanted to storm the beaches and sacrifice themselves for our country’s safety makes me forever grateful and thankful. 359 Canadians (out of 1074 casualties) had lost their lives fighting on Juno Beach. I think as they did their duty battling for us, it should be our responsibility to make sure that they are remembered and that we commemorate them.

Let us never forget those courageous Canadians who had died during the Normandy campaign or the entire war for that matter. They will always have a place in Canadian history for what they had done to help shape our country and made Canada 150 possible.


1945- The war is over! The six-year war included over one million Canadians, 60,000 of which had lost their lives. Through World War Two, Canada had suffered but also grew stronger as a nation. It had brought us and other countries closer together and has assured that Canada is the way it’s supposed to be today. As a result of this war, the United Nations was created, an organization in which Canada is a part of.


1946-1947- The post-war era for Canada included a lot of individuality and acceptance. The war shaped Canada for the better and afterward, the country underwent some changes. Canada really started to make a name for itself and its war efforts. We began to welcome diversity, allowing us to have the numerous cultures we have in Canada today. Immigration policies were altered after the war. Canada’s economy changed and was in need of skilled immigrants who could work to benefit the Canadian economy. Canada became more open and accepting of different cultures, seeing as what prejudice could lead to. Furthermore, after the disastrous war in Europe, there were more refugees wanting to flee war-devastated countries. Also, as a part of the United Nations, Canada had dropped the Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 in 1947, as the act did not follow the UN charter. From 1947 and on, it became possible for Asian immigrants to be granted Canadian citizenship.

World War Two was a cataclysmic and tragic event that plagued the world for six long, dreadful years. But, yet without it, the world would have never experienced the steep learning curve it provided. It changed Canada in many aspects. WW2 was unquestionably awful and heartbreaking, but in the end, all the bad things that had happened had caused the world to change for the better. We now have the UN, stronger interdependent nations, more recognition for human rights and the diverse Canada we know and love today.

Reach Hands Raised Canada Flag Diverse Ethnic Concept

*casualty refers to deaths, wounded and missing

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This post explored the years 1942-1947 of Canadian history

The Trolley Problem

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Let’s give you a hypothetical situation. Say you’re watching a trolley go by (an old-fashioned trolley, like a train, if you must) and you realize that the driver has no control over the brake. (Of course, you know this because you are an expert when it comes to trolleys). You watch it head down a railway going towards five construction workers. The trolley is on a railway so tight that the workers can’t get out of the way in time. However, there is another route that they have access to, with only one worker on it. You’re standing next to a lever in which you can switch the tracks and make the trolley diverge towards the route with one person. Do you kill the five, or just the one? 

This is a hard question for a lot of people. But I think we can all agree that most people would pull the lever and save the five lives. But this isn’t really the true trolley problem: the true problem are different variations that come about.  Now that we’ve concluded that most of us would choose to kill the one person, lets take another hypothetical scenario. You’re standing on top of a bridge, watching a trolley go by. You’re, once again, a trolley expert and realize that the trolley is out of control. To make matters worse, there are five people tied to the railroad in a hostage situation. If you don’t do anything, they will be run over. You know that the only way to stop it is by putting a heavy weight down in front of it. However, the only heavy weight you have is a fat man standing next to you. If you push him off the bridge, the trolley will stop for sure, saving five lives but killing one. Do you do it?

 

Same question, harder answer. However, there are philosophers who have argued as to how similar the two situations still are. In both you are still killing one person to save five. Despite all the victims being innocent people, you must choose what you would do. Most people opt to kill the one worker with the lever, but in the second situation, they don’t throw the fat man off the bridge. Why? It is probably because pushing the fat man off the bridge involves knowingly killing someone, unlike the first scenario. But isn’t that the same in both cases?

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A New Era

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To mark the 150th anniversary of the birth of Canada, after the enactment of the Canadian Constitution Act of 1867, I have prepared this article to celebrate one of the important turning points for Canadians to have experienced from not that long ago, only 65 years.

It was Winter of 1952, the radio broadcaster sent out shocking news to announce the death of King George VI. Canada as a nation shared a somber moment over the death of the King and welcomed the new Head of State, Queen Elizabeth II. The new monarch meant changes in various subjects, from Canadian coins and bills, to the title of Canadian politicians.

In the United Kingdom and its colonies, a Queen had not reigned since 1901 when Queen Victoria was in power. The reign of a Queen was big news around the world, marking the 2nd Queen to rule the British Empire. Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 was on a Commonwealth Trip representing her father to maintain stability within the Commonwealth and the colonies. The Commonwealth trip was, however, quickly cancelled, and saw the Queen returning back to the United Kingdom. A new Queen in Buckingham Palace meant a new era for the Canadians too. The Elizabethan Era.

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After the coronation of the new monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, Canadian citizens witnessed changes on their bills, coins, and stamps. The Canadian coins changed from the original coins with the portrait of King George VI to a portrait of the young 27-year-old Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. The Canadian banknotes saw a change of the portrait, obviously, and the change in the position of the portrait of the monarch, from the center to the right side of the bill in 1954. The Canadian stamps also saw changes in the face of the monarch from King George VI to Queen Elizabeth II.

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The anthem of the Commonwealth, “God Save the King/Queen” changed from “God Save the King” to “God Save the Queen.” Although it may seem that changing a few words in a song doesn’t seem like a major change, it is. The national anthem of a country and an organization is a song that represents the nation and is sung to represent the ideas and the history of it. So, the change in the word from “King” to “Queen” demonstrates the recording of history. It’s important to know that after 1953, the anthem was changed to “Queen” to represent the glorious reign of Queen Elizabeth  II.

In the early 1950s, a new inexperienced monarch was set to represent the British Commonwealth and to keep global relations strong. Now, as we all know, the nation of Canada has never seen a monarch quite as capable as Queen Elizabeth II, uniting the nation under her representation. We may never see such a strong Queen for a long time, so why not appreciate it right now?

God Save the Queen!

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This post explored the years 1952-1957 of Canadian history

Maurice “the Rocket” Richard and the Dynasty of the Montreal Canadiens

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The first player in NHL history to score 50 goals in 50 games. The first player to reach 500 career goals. The original league-wide leader in goals. One of the greatest hockey players of all time.

When it came to professional hockey of the 1940s and 1950s, there simply did not exist a more dominant team than the Montreal Canadiens. Winning the Stanley Cup eight times from 1943-1960, with five straight titles between 1955 and 1960, the Canadiens franchise flourished under the leadership of its star player: Maurice Richard. Nicknamed “the Rocket” for his incredibly fast and aggressive style of play, Richard set multiple scoring records, received dozens of honors, and has also left behind an incredible legacy for the francophone population of Quebec.

Born and raised in Montreal, Joseph Henri Maurice Richard was the eldest of 8 children in a francophone family. Richard’s father was a carpenter and took a job with the Canadian Pacific Railway shortly after Maurice was born in 1921. He received his first pair of skates in 1925 when he was 4. While the Richards struggled during the Great Depression, Maurice was always able to continue skating, whether on ponds and rivers that had frozen over, or the backyard ice rink his father constructed. He did not actually play organized hockey until he was 14-years-old and spent time practicing his skating and stick-handling skills with other neighborhood children.

Upon entering his first organized leagues, Richard had such a passion for hockey that he joined more than one team, using pseudonyms such as “Maurice Rochon” to get around the rule of limiting players to only one team. In one such league, he led his team to three consecutive championships and scored 133 out of his team’s total 144 goals throughout the 1938-39 season.

Richard was promoted to an affiliate team of the Montreal Canadiens in the Quebec Senior Hockey League (QSHL) in 1940, but broke his ankle in his first game and missed the rest of the season. He was also turned down for an application to join the military in 1941; the injury caused him to be deemed “unfit” for combat. Having recovered from his broken ankle in time for the 1941-42 season, Richard returned to the QSHL Canadiens. He enjoyed a mildly successful season until he suffered yet another injury – breaking his wrist after crashing into the net while entangled with a defenceman. However, Richard once again made it back to his team, this time for playoffs.

The skills that Richard demonstrated in the QSHL, as well as the NHL Canadien’s inability to draw more fans (from a poor record and lack of francophone players), led Richard to a tryout for the NHL Canadiens for the 1942-43 season. He was signed on for the year, and wearing jersey number 15, made his NHL debut. His year was once again cut short when after 16 games, Richard suffered a broken leg. The string of three injuries early in Richard’s career led many to wonder whether he was too “fragile” for major league hockey.

One thing that you should understand at this point in the story is that in the mid-1900s, hockey was an entirely different game. Players did not wear helmets, uniforms did not have nearly as much padding, and penalty calls were much rarer – mostly due to the level of violence that was tolerated without giving out a penalty. The sport was not just intense. It was also incredibly dangerous.

With that in mind, the concerns about Richard’s fragility were legitimate. No matter how good your player is at scoring, how is he going to be useful if he keeps getting hurt so often? Richard took a break from hockey to attempt, once again, to enlist in the military but was turned down yet again when tests revealed that his bones had not all healed properly. His ankle was permanently deformed, and it would force him to permanently alter his skating style.

But Richard would not quit. Rather than give up on his NHL career, he intensified his training and returned to the Montreal Canadiens for the 1943-44 season fully recovered and reinvigorated. During this time, Richard also had a daughter – Huguette – with his wife and childhood sweetheart, Lucille. Huguette’s birth weight of nine pounds prompted Richard to change his jersey number to 9. This time, Richard entered the season healthy and remained healthy throughout. He led his team in goals and put to bed the criticism about his ability to play in the league. Much of this success came from a change in attitude as well; Maurice became tougher. When the opposing team would directly target him, he was not afraid to fight back.

Maurice was given the position of right wing and placed on a forward line with his teammates Toe Blake and Elmer Lach. The trio, who became known as the “Punchline,” was one of the highest-scoring units of the league, and led the Canadiens to two Stanley Cup championships in the 1940s – the first of which was the franchise’s first in 13 years.

Throughout the seasons of the 1940s, Richard set an all-time record of “50 goals in 50 games.” The Canadiens rallied behind Richard for the 1950s; he was promoted to the team’s captain from 1956-1960 and brought home 5 straight Stanley Cup wins, truly establishing the “Dynasty” of the Montreal Canadiens. During this time Richard also personally reached the milestone of an all-time league scoring leader.

After retiring in 1960, The Hockey Hall of Fame waived its five-year eligibility period for Richard and inducted him in 1961, and in 1975 he was also inducted into Canada’s Sports Hall of Fame. The Canadiens retired his number, 9, out of honor. In 1999, the Canadiens donated the Maurice “Rocket” Richard Trophy to the NHL, which has since been awarded annually to the league’s regular season leading scorer.

But Richard has transcended the image of only a hockey player for the francophone population of Quebec. He became a cultural icon. While Richard was a fairly quiet, unassuming man, he did speak out for greater francophone representation not only in sports but all areas of culture and influence.

Always aggressive on the ice, Richard was involved in a violent incident during the 1954-55 season when he struck a linesman. He was suspended for the remainder of the season by the NHL President, which included the playoffs. This sparked the “Richard Riot,” where the francophone population of Quebec protested the punishment as too harsh, taking to the streets and causing over $100,000 in property damage. Eventually, Richard appeared on television to give the following statement:

Because I always try so hard to win and had my troubles in Boston, I was suspended. At playoff time it hurts not be in the game with the boys. However, I want to do what is good for the people of Montreal and the team. So that no further harm will be done, I would like to ask everyone to get behind the team and to help the boys win from the New York Rangers and Detroit. I will take my punishment and come back next year to help the club and the younger players to win the Cup.

Richard’s statement helped to ease tensions and return Montreal to normalcy, however, in the years since the incident the “Richard Riot” has taken a nearly mythical quality and is often viewed as a trigger for social change in Quebec leading up to and during the Quiet Revolution.

When Richard passed away in 2000, he became the first non-politician in the province of Quebec to be honored with a state funeral. His legacy is sure to be remembered for as long as hockey continues to be played. Maurice Richard was a truly iconic figure in Canadian history.

 

Research Sources:

NHL’s 100 Greatest Hockey Players – Maurice Richard

Hockey Hall of Fame – Maurice Richard

 

Image Sources:

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This post explored the years 1957-1962 of Canadian history

The Independence of Canada

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What constitutes a nation? A state, independent from the influence of other nations–sovereignty?  Perhaps it could be said that the most important component, although quite a cliche, is that its people must be held collectively under a specific title (i.e. classification) that is not a direct derivative of any other country. Such is the case for Canada, who although had a constitution drafted in 1867, did not have complete independence until after the conclusion of the second world war. While the constitution did outline the parameters of the division of powers and responsibilities within political administrations on the provincial and federal levels, did not grant Canada status as a country, though all of the provinces were united under the name “The Dominion of Canada.” Rather, this honor was granted to Canada in 1947.

The strong multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism perhaps all derived from the strong role that Canada played in the second world war. Thus so, many felt that it would be fitting for Canada to be recognized as a sovereign nation and gain the status of independent statehood. As such, a symbol which would be the hallmark of Canada’s independence was needed, and where else to start than its citizens being recognized as “Canadians” rather than subjects of the vast British Empire. The Canadian government also hoped that this collective title would serve as a mechanism to alleviate tensions that stems from Canada’s then-growing diversity.

On January 1st of 1947, the Canadian Citizenship Act was implemented under then Prime Minister Lyon Mckenzie King, which allowed individuals to gain the status as a Canadian citizen regardless of the country of their origin. It outlined the criteria for how to obtain Canadian citizenship or the losing/revoking of such. It was from this that the law that all Canadian-born infants are granted the status of Canadians, and that all immigrants would be able to apply for citizenship for Canada after x amount of years. Furthermore, it gave more authority to women, as they would no longer lose their status upon marrying a non-Canadian citizen.

And thus it is with this, that the first citizenship ceremony was conducted, where 26 individuals on January 3rd of 1947 were presented with certificates of citizenship, the first ceremony of many, that to this date is still conducted.

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References: 1/2/3

This post explored the years 1947-1952 of Canadian history