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YOUTH ARE AWESOME

Youth Are Awesome, commonly referred to as YAA, is a blog written by youth for youth. YAA provides the youth of Calgary a place to amplify their voices and perspectives on what is happening around them. Youth Are Awesome is a program of Youth Central.

Any views or opinions expressed on this blog belong solely to the author and do not represent those of people or organizations that the blog may be associated with, unless explicitly stated. All content is for informational purposes only.

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How the Legalization of Prostitution isn’t Always Empowering

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Often referred to as the “world’s oldest profession,” prostitution has existed in society for thousands of years. In recent years, many countries have decriminalized sex-work in an attempt to improve the health and safety of prostitutes. Since 2014, Canada has legalized the selling of sex, but criminalized the purchasing or “obtain[ing] for consideration… the sexual services of a person.” In New Zealand, sex-work has been legal since 2003. The brothels are even run under public health and employment laws. Switzerland, which has regulated prostitution since 1942, is one of eight European countries that have legalized sex-work to some extent. The Netherlands, another European country to legalize sex-work, made prostitution a legal profession in 1988. However, for many countries like Bangladesh, sex-workers are treated as criminals, and many laws create an atmosphere that restricts prostitution, therefore harming the sex-workers. Regardless, sex-work is still completely legal in Bangladesh.

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In recent years, there has been increased recognition for the rights of sex workers

Especially in western society, many advocacy groups have encouraged sex-work as a tool for empowerment, increased safety, and destigmatization of sexuality. Often, sex-work is a means for marginalized, suppressed people to overcome socioeconomic disadvantages. Through legalization, many advocate groups believe that this empowerment will no longer have to come at a risk of safety. Countries yet to decriminalize sex-work struggle with forced prostitution, increased transmission of STD’s, and non-consensual sex. Aside from using sex-work as a tool to overcome social and economic suppression, many believe that it will normalize female sexuality, and further empower the expression of femininity.

Many feminists view prostitution in a way that is is very unique: it just works. Therefore, it isn’t inherently harmful to women, and when the sex-worker is accepted and protected, it can be beneficial to women. Truthfully, women who aren’t degraded or forced into the field enjoy the work as they can express their sexuality. As well, prostitution can be used to explore sexuality that is currently restricted by societally “normal” relationships. Often what restricts the empowerment of women and sexuality through prostitution, is a societal agreement on morals inspired by puritan ideals.

A plethora of people believes that the criminalization of sex restricts the rights of each person to make informed decisions on their body. Other feminists recognize that prostitution can be viewed as a misogynistic practice that puts male ownership over female bodies. This is made abundantly clear considering that a synonym of a prostitute is the unreasonably white slave. However, in areas where the prostitute can choose their clients and deny service, the seller is in control over the buyer. Further, the selling of sex isn’t the selling of oneself, rather it is the selling of sexuality; in this same way, managers for example are using and selling their leadership abilities to do a job.

Considering that sex-work isn’t inherently oppressive, many have called for conditions that allow for women to benefit through this occupation. Firstly, a strict difference needs to be set between forced sex-work or sex trafficking and voluntary sex work. Non-consensual sex-work must be completely eradicated in order to ensure the safety of those sex-workers who chose the profession. As well, health and safety must be a top priority for legally run brothels. Following labour laws, allowing unionization, and educating workers on STD’s and sexual risks, is important to maintain quality of life for sex-workers. Finally, even in places where sex work is legal, people of colour are discriminated against, causing these sex-workers to be treated unfairly, receive limited hours, and be ignored for positions of prestige. Anti-discriminatory laws must be commonplace, not only for sex-work, but across all professions in society. Furthermore, areas of sex-work desperately require education and destigmatization. Viewing this profession as illegitimate and dirty is scrutinizing and disrespects those who have chosen prostitution as a means of self-expression. Kelly Bell, an author for Inquire Journal recognizes the potential profit of prostitution saying,

My argument is that prostitution should be made legal, sex workers offered the same rights and respect as workers in any other field, and that by doing this sex work can become something that benefits women and humanity in general.


When this gender-equal argument for the legalization of prostitution is put into practice, there are many benefits. Especially in European countries, sex-workers have benefited from the legalization and regulation of their practice. In the Netherlands, Amsterdam’s Red Light District contains around 8,000 active prostitutes. Prostitution has been legal in the Netherlands since the 1800s, but it became a legal profession in 1988. Now that the job is legal, prostitutes are awarded the same basic rights as other workers. Meaning, that they pay taxes, they receive health insurance, they are eligible for unemployment benefits, they work in unions, and they can receive unlimited STI checks. The Red Light District is further regulated by police, who have increased patrol in the area. In brothels, panic buttons are situated to deal with unruly clients and considering that sex-workers are apart of the Dutch workforce, prostitutes are in better positions to come forward with sexual assault allegations.

Red light District
The Red Light District in Amsterdam

Intense regulation of sex-work over the years has also combatted against sex trafficking, giving the workers further security. In a 2012 study from Harvard, it was found that,

Countries with legalized prostitution are associated with higher human trafficking inflows than countries where prostitution is prohibited.

This was made abundantly clear in the Netherlands in 2008 when six people were sentenced to seven years for the human trafficking of 100 female victims. A year later, two Nigerian men were convicted for smuggling 140 women from Nigeria to the Netherlands. However, through further regulation, human trafficking has become less of a concern for sex-workers. Amsterdam has allowed sex-workers to open their own brothels through a project named My Red Light, in an attempt to further empower and provide independence for the workers. A prostitute involved explained to the Guardian,

Everything in this project, from the statutes to the decoration of the rooms, is thought out by sex workers.

This step forward has allowed the men and women to determine their own rental terms and working hours. Although Amsterdam and Europe still require further regulation to improve the conditions of the industry on a broader scale, through current policies and initiatives, the sex-workers of the Red Light District have experienced better working conditions, leading to personal empowerment and a truthful expression of their unique sexuality.


Ideally, by keeping gender equality and worker’s rights in mind, countries that legalize prostitution can help combat sex trafficking and help those who voluntarily work in the industry stay safe, professional, and empowered. However, many countries that don’t have the same conditions as European countries like the Netherlands, create an unsafe environment for the worker’s, even though it is legal. Bangladesh, for example, has legalized prostitution, but lack of gender equality, representation in the government, and societal respect for the workers has unfortunately seen human traffickers utilize the decriminalization to make money through forced prostitution. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights recognizes this difference between the Netherlands for example, and Bangladesh explaining,

Women in sex work are often looked at as ‘criminals’ even when Bangladesh Penal Code does not criminalize sex work but there is a wide range of laws that create an atmosphere, which criminalizes sex work and thus the sex worker.

Bangladesh has as many as 100 000 sex-workers, and one of the largest brothels in the world, Daulatdia, is compared to a small city, housing over 1 300 workers. The stories of these 100 000 women are polar opposites to the experiences of sex-workers in countries like the Netherlands; instead of receiving support from the government that allows the industry to succeed safely, sex-workers in Bangladesh are disregarded and mistreated, trapped in a life of drugs and slavery.

In Bangladesh, child marriage is legal, and a recent bill from 2017 reduced the minimum marital age to zero. This leaves many women susceptible to abuse from their husbands and often rapists. Sometimes, husbands force their wives into sex-work for money. Another common experience of sex-workers in Bangladesh is if the husband dies, many women turn to brothels to survive. Women with dead husbands are ostracized from society due to the fact that they are no longer virgins. Aside from marriage, many women are kidnapped and forced into brothels. Countless women inside the brothels of Bangladesh are even unsure of their age.

Vice reported on the experiences of prostitutes in Bangladesh, highlighting Anupa, a woman kidnapped into sex-work for the mega-brothel Dautladia. She has no idea how old she is after she was sold by a broker for $400. To pay of her “debt,” she is forced to have sex with multiple clients per day. Although she doesn’t know her age, she isn’t an adult. To overcome that, she is fed steroids used to plump up cows, leaving her unrecognizable to herself.

After taking the pill, whatever beauty I had is gone now. My skin is ruined and my figure is not like before. I am suffering a lot for this. I am not like before.

Dautladia is Bangladesh’s largest and oldest brothel, built under British colonial rule. It is owned by a local politician’s family, who succeeds off of the booming business. Dautladia is so large, it acts as a small town for the sex-workers inside. There’s beauty salons, markets, places to gamble, and no incentive for the women to leave; they couldn’t even if they wanted to.

Brokers, known as dalals, bring the girls to the brothels and sell them. They promise a better life for these girls who are abandoned by their family, spouse, or left begging after their carer dies. A dalal who refused to share his name explained,

We roam around the streets in the evening. We talk to the girls for a while. We tell them there’s a better place than this, let us take you there. We tell them there is a place where you can work more safely. This is how we bring them to the brothel. Then the girls get trapped by the madams.

Underage girls like Anupa are often forced to take steroids to appear grown up. Their pimps feed them highly addictive steroid used by over 90% of the young girls in Dautladia to make them appear developed and “healthier.” Pharmacists sell these steroids inside the brothel for less than a dollar. The drug can cause bone and kidney damage, possibly leading to death. Regardless, a pharmacist explains,

It sells. Girls get it, box after box. There’s a lot more in other shops.

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Bangladesh sex-workers are essentially treated like cattle


UN reported that hundreds of thousands visit sex-workers every day. The industry is completely unregulated by the government. As a consequence of this, pedophiles, abusers, and drug addicts take advantage of the industry. Karim, a customer of Dautladia for many years, says he enjoys having sex with little girls. He even encourages them to do drugs like Yaba (a methamphetamine) with him, explaining that,

It makes me last longer. Instead of 5 minutes, I can go on for 10 minutes when I have sex.

It is illegal for anyone under 18 to work in prostitution, but of the 200 000 sex-workers in Bangladesh, most of them are teenagers. Thousands of teenagers work in the industry through force and to survive. Men come to the brothels to escape a society where it is taboo to have sex before marriage and illegal to gamble. However, that escape comes at an extreme mental and physical cost for the women enslaved in the brothels and forced to have sex with men often more than twice their age.


A multitude of the sex-workers working in brothels like Dautladia are second or third generation prostitutes, in certain cases, descendants from women working under British rule. The future’s of these children are desperate, but non-governmental organizations have been attempting to provide an education that will allow these susceptible children to follow a better path in life. There are six “second chance” schools near Dautladia, run by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee. There are 38 000 primary schools in Bangladesh for vulnerable children that have dropped out of formal education or never entered, to begin with. Primary education is free in government schools, but the closest one to Dautladia is a half an hour walk away. BRAC isn’t the only NGO with schools near Dautladia, but it is the only one that provides free primary education like government schools. For the most part, the children of the sex-workers are exactly like the other kids at school, other than being often a little more aggressive and bold than the other pupils.

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Women in Dautladia

A teacher at one of the BRAC schools, Salma Akter, explains that the children are approaching a conjuncture,

The sons leave when they’re about 14, to find work and go on their own way. Many of the girls go into their mother’s profession but not all of them; more of them are studying and moving on.

Akter has been teaching at the school for nine years.

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BRAC school students

Equipped with education, there’s hope that the sons and daughters of sex-workers will lead a better path. A foster mother outside the school confirms a belief held by many,

So what if their mother is doing dirty work? A kid is a kid. Everyone’s not equal but our kids can be.


Evidently, sex-work in the Netherlands, for example, is a total opposite to the experience of prostitutes in developing countries like Bangladesh. Even though prostitution has been decriminalized in both countries, the attitudes of society and the government are extremely different, causing the sex-workers in Bangladesh to suffer due to a lack of protective policy. Sex-workers in Bangladesh suffer extreme abuse, often being forced into the industry, even when they are underage and being encouraged to take drugs to combat the fact that they are children. A huge contributor to the mistreatment and ignorance of sex-workers is the deep-rooted sexism in Bangladesh government and society. On all levels of government, Bangladesh routinely experiences corruption that harms the quality of life of all Bangladeshi citizens, especially marginalized groups. Further, Bangladesh as a civil society, continually practices son preference, a belief, and practice where baby girls are killed due to the fact that the family wanted a son. Also known as female infanticide, the fact that 93% of families viewed girls as a “problem,” leads to rampant mistreatment of women, regardless of their age. The fact that child marriage is also legal, causes an extreme amount of women to experience abuse and sexism first hand.

Contrarily, European countries like the Netherlands hold women to a much higher value. The government is also much less corrupt. Considering this, sex-workers in the Netherlands have the government and much of society advocating for their safety and protection. This allows those working in the sex industry to feel pride and empowerment from their career of choice. For most women in Bangladesh, sex-work is not their career of choice. Whether they were sex-trafficked into the industry or forced by the hands of poverty and ostracization, the women in brothels like Dautladia are far from satisfied or safe.

Potentially, the legalization of prostitution can be successful and liberating. It can allow women to express themselves sexually and creatively in a way that respects their humanity and lifts them up. However, in the fight for legalization, one must remember that a majority of women don’t experience the privilege of gender equality. Of course, every country has room to improve in regards to gender equality and equality in general, but compared to countries like Bangladesh, the Netherlands, for example, is essentially equal. For sex-workers in the Red Light District in Amsterdam, sex-work is safe, advocated for, and liberating. Unfortunately, the women of Bangladesh who are forced into the industry as children treated like cattle, and disregarded by the government and society as a whole, not only based on their work but also their gender, the sex industry is far from empowering.


Sources-

Inquiries Journal

Scoop Whoop

The Globe And Mail

Pro Con

Lad Bible

Independent

GAN

The Daily Star

Photos-

Cover Photo

Rally

Red Light District 

Bangladeshi Women

Women in Dautladia

BRAC Students


A Note form the Author:

Regardless of anyone’s personal political affiliation, I think the comparison between the sex industry in the Netherlands and Bangladesh is extremely important. As a Canadian, I am privileged to live in a country without a corrupt government. In Canada, we have a government who fights for the protection and satisfaction of its citizens, including marginalized groups like women. Due to this fact, we experience a coveted quality of life that we often take for granted. Personally, I believe that sex work should be legalized. I think the image of sex has been twisted in an ugly way, and I personally don’t see anything wrong with the selling of sex. I also believe that each individual person should be able to choose how to live their own life, free from undeserved judgment, particularly when their way of life doesn’t harm or affect others. However, after researching the negative effects of the decriminalization of prostitution in Bangladesh, I have realized that although legalization of sex-work can be empowering in privileged countries with government support and a progressive society, that isn’t the case for many countries around the world. Therefore, the legalization of sex-work isn’t always beneficial. Regardless of my own personal views on sex-work and aside from the sex-work example in general, I believe this comparison highlights the opportunities countries like Canada, the Netherlands, and many more have. Based off of where we are born, we, unfortunately, receive unequal potential. There is no founded reason that for example, women in the Netherlands should benefit more from the legalization of sex-work than women in Bangladesh, it is strictly based on the fact that they were born into different countries with vastly different government and societies. As a Canadian, I received a desired quality of life solely because I was born in Canada. The opportunities we receive at birth should drive us to not only continue to improve our own society but use our privilege to advocate for countries like Bangladesh, bringing them up to the same standard we have. Of course, our advocation for developing countries shouldn’t overreach into assimilation. I believe it is important to keep countries unique, but there is also a standard of equality and opportunity that all humans deserve, regardless of where they’re born.

Skin Whitening In The Philippines

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Recently, I went on a trip to The Philippines and as much as I love it there I always tend to notice one thing – the striking supply of skin whitening products. In almost every store there’s always an entire section solely dedicated to whitening your skin. Even most of the skin products (ie. toners, moisturizers) will state that it has a whitening effect on the skin.

When I first arrived in the Philippines I’m understandably a lighter skin tone because of the lack of sun we can get in Canada. Without a fail, I get stares from people. As a kid I assumed I looked like a tourist – but as I grew older I realized it was because my skin wasn’t as dark as everyone else. As the trip goes by and I spend more time in the sun and undoubtedly tan, the stares stop. Filipinos have always had a desire to have a whiter skin complexion. Consequently, you’re treated differently by society. Filipinos have become so accustomed to glorifying the idea that if you’re whiter than most, not only are you more attractive, you’re of a higher social class.

How did this start? 

The Spanish Colonial Era was the period where the Spanish were taking over The Philippines. That is rumored to be the start of the preference for a whiter start, seeing as most labor workers would have darker skin due to sun exposure. As a result, if you weren’t tan, you were more valuable.  After The Spanish Colonial Era, The Philippines was colonized again by The United States and Japan, which further embedded the idea that the whiter you were, the better. Yet, colorism isn’t uncommon in Asia. Countries such as China, Taiwan, Malaysia, and South Korea.

Because the problem dates back so far into history, most Filipinos won’t see a problem with skin whitening. Whether they want to be lighter or darker is up to them. Nonetheless, the ads broadcasted on television consistently elucidates that to be more attractive to others, you have to be white. 

Filipinos view white skin as a privilege.  The deep-rooted white superiority complex instilled in The Philippines has gotten to a point that using skin whitening products is the norm – as people actively search out for these products to get whiter. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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More Short Stories To Read If You’re Bored

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The collection of my short stories live on.


Sunrise

I tossed another half-written letter in the garbage can by the wall. My bunkmate, Johnny, was still sound asleep on the bottom bunk, his bed sheets crumpled up at the foot of the bed. It was hot in Hawaii, even if it was winter. The air was humid, especially in our crowded living space. Somehow the United States Navy managed to fit about two dozen men into a single living-room sized cabin.

Our room was dimly lit, only about four or five windows to let in sunshine. I was lucky enough to sleep directly beneath one. It was ridiculously tiny, about the size of a record, but I shouldn’t complain. There were some men on this ship that slept in rooms with no windows at all. Besides, the porthole gave me the perfect amount of light to read and write right on my bed.

I picked up another blank piece of paper and started my letter over again. The sun hadn’t risen yet, but there was enough light outside, mainly artificial, to allow me to write. Picking up my worn out, two-inch-long wooden pencil, I began to jot down what I had been thinking the past week. I scrawled in my messy handwriting, things I knew my friends would make fun of if they ever heard me say out loud. Reaching the end of the page, I drew a heart and signed my name.

I stuffed the thin paper with a stack of cash from my pay into a browned envelope. I addressed it to Daisy Morley, 220 Vander St., Wichita, Kansas. Jumping off the bed, I grabbed the letters I had written for my family earlier in the week and decided to send them all out together. My undress white service uniform was hanging on a nearby hook, freshly washed. I wore it over the same undershirt and briefs I slept in the night before, carefully putting on my pants in a way that didn’t get it dirty. I wasn’t sure why I tried so hard, it was going to get filthy in no time; a consequence that came with living on the USS Arizona.

I slipped on my shoes and was about to head into town to the post office when I heard the rustle of a pillow, followed by an annoyed groan.

“Do you have to wake up this early every single day?” Johnny murmured from his bed. He was undressed and had his arms dangling on the floor. His dark brown hair was a mess of waves and the side of his face had imprints from the pillows. It was safe to say he was not a morning person. Johnny rolled onto his back and stretched, making a loud, obnoxious yawning noise. The other men replied with grunts and curses. Johnny just laughed and sat up, eyes still closed. He flashed a smile at me but ended up smiling at the wall.

“I’m over here,” I said, “open your eyes and maybe you’ll see.”

“The only person I’d wake up for this early is a pretty girl, which I’m sure you’re not,” he joked, but sat up and rubbed his eyes anyways.

“Johnny, you’re a pig.” I rolled my eyes at him and returned to running my Sunday morning errands, unsent mail in hand. I held it up for him to see, “you comin’?” Johnny took one last look in the mirror and fumbled around his bag for his own mail. He had four older sisters, each in different states than each other and their parents, and he had to write them all. Me with my two letters and Johnny with his five, we climbed out of our closet of a cabin and onto the deck of the USS Arizona.

The sun was rising, its orange rays already beginning to shine from the horizon line. Dark blue filled the sky, making it so that the stars were still visible even in the morning. Of course, they would soon be replaced by puffy white clouds when day broke. I’ve always heard Hawaii was beautiful, but no words could help you depict how breathtaking it was to physically be there. Standing in Pearl Harbor, gazing out at the miles and miles of vast open water mirroring the morning sky, you could almost forget that there was a war going on. The battleships floating dormant in the ocean did not seem like weapons of destruction in that moment, but rather decorations. Decorations for the ocean. You forgot about death, about Hitler, about fighting and started to focus on life and the beauty of nature. Johnny called me crazy for wanting to get up so early, but to witness a view like this, it was worth it. This was a landscape famous artists could only dream about painting. It was mesmerizing, I couldn’t look away. I got lost in the shades of peach and coral that faded away into turquoise, longing for the day when I could see this again with Daisy in my arms. It reminded me of her, the Hawaiian sun, its soft colours and the sense of joy I received from simply taking a glimpse at it. For a second the rest of the world slipped away and it was just me. I wished the sky always looked like this.

“Hey,” Johnny waved his hands in front of my face; he didn’t really understand art or beauty. His area of expertise included swooning girls and drinking. “Quit lookin’ at the sun when there’s a whole town of ladies right in front of us. Let’s go Wichita! I want to go before it gets busy.”

It was almost eight and the town was starting to become steeped with sailors and airmen. The postal office, however, was empty. I fanned out my mail and got them stamped, watching as the man behind the counter took my letters and placed them in a plastic bin.

On the other counter, Johnny searched furiously through his fat stack of handwritten letters, counting and recounting carefully. He cursed under his breath and spread them out. “I’m missing the one I wrote to Cathy. Damn girl just had to move to New York, didn’t she?” He propped one hand on his hip and rubbed his forehead with the other. “The place is about to get crowded soon and I really wanna send ‘em all out today.” He stared out the store window at the USS Arizona in the distance, contemplating something hard. “Okay… How about this, you mail these for me now while I run and go get Cathy’s letter.” He checked his watch and looked outside again. “I was on the track team in high school, I’ll be twenty minutes tops.” I clicked my tongue and checked my own watch. 7:45. It was Sunday morning, not like I had anything better to do with my time.

“Alright, pal,” I said, “Tell you what, I’ll pay for drinks tonight if you can make it back before eight.”

“You’re on Wichita!” With that Johnny sprinted out the door and down the street, turning back only once to wink at me. I admitted it, he was fast. A minute had past and I couldn’t even see him anymore he was so far.

I mailed his letters for him and walked down to the hospital by the beach, next to the postal office. There was a bench in front of the building, on the edge of the sand. It was hot from lying in the sun, but I sat on it anyways and lit a cigarette. I wasn’t a smoker before I enlisted, but I became one a few weeks in; Johnny taught me how. There were things you had to adjust to in the Navy, smoking being one of them. I didn’t necessarily enjoy it, but I’d grown so used to the habit that I did it whenever I could. It didn’t take the edge off of anything like it did for other guys. For me, it was nothing more than a pastime. Duty in Pearl Harbor was tedious.

A low rumbling sound tickled my ear as I threw the butt of my cigarette in the sand and stomped on it. I squinted through the sunlight and caught the silhouette of an airplane. What was the Air Corps doing so early? The townspeople seemed just as confused. Heads up towards the sky, we watched more planes fly by. Strange. I had never seen any planes like those before. A large red circle was painted onto the wings, that wasn’t the design on American ones.

Shop owners, doctors, Navy commanders, and nurses gathered in the street to watch the airshow. Those airplanes with the big red dots flew in perfect formation towards our Pearl Harbor. The air raid siren turned on, sounding like a forlorn whale. It wailed for the entire island. Nobody followed the air raid drills we had done so many times before, they stood and gazed at the seemingly majestic aircrafts. But all beautiful things have an ugly core.

The machine guns opened up on showered the concrete ground with bullets. A few people fell down, dead or injured I couldn’t tell, I was too busy diving for cover. It all happened so fast. I couldn’t fully process what was going on. I talked so much about wanting to be in the war, but finally having it knock on my front door, I wasn’t sure if I was ready to open it yet. It didn’t matter, war had no manners; it barged in anyway.

The plane looped around and shot down another street; sparing ours for now. My heart beat so fast I felt like it was going to burst out of my chest. My eyes were wide, my breathing hard and short. Beads of sweat dripped down the side of my face as I played the experience in my brain again. I had heard gunshots before but never like this, saying I was terrified was an understatement. My legs lost its balance, feeling like jelly. The ground around me was spinning as I managed to push myself off the ground. I walked like a drunk man, staggering and wobbling all over the place. Lightheaded, I stopped in my tracks to regroup myself. I couldn’t hear anything, except for a ringing and muffled voices.

“Get outta here sailor!” A store clerk yelled at me, breaking me out of my shocked daze. I didn’t know what to do, my heart pounded inside my chest. I never imagined the war this way, although I wasn’t sure what I expected instead. My father recollected tales from his time of service in the great war, but he could never depict the true terror of being fired upon or the sight of corpses. The sputtering of gun rounds could be heard loud and clear from the ground. I watched as the planes circled around the docks, by the ships, giving me a sick feeling in my gut.

Johnny.

I sprinted as fast as my feet could carry me, the Arizona slowly coming into sight. I leapt over shrubs and small stairs, lessening the distance in any way I could. Nearing the docks, I saw him on the deck, head turning left and right, watching people rush past him. Men in their underpants, toothbrush in mouth, dashed up from their cabins to see what the commotion was about.

Ready sailors ran to their posts, manning their stations, but Johnny stayed put in the middle of it all. Torpedo bombers flew past the Arizona, but only one turned back, flying slightly lower than the others. A cylindrical object emerged from the belly of the plane. It was difficult to make out what it was from the ground, but the fan-shaped end of it gave it away.

“Johnny!” I hollered, running faster than I ever did, my lungs burning. “Johnny! Get off the ship! Johnny!” The plane released its bomb, a direct hit on the USS Arizona. It broke through the deck, destroying the metal as it made its way down. Time stopped for just a moment, Johnny stared at me. I could not see his face from this far, but I could tell he was scared. “I’m coming! John–”

The explosion ringed in my ears. I wrapped my arms around my head for protection. It detonated from the lower level, splitting the ship in two. The deck arched up before breaking apart and letting loose a burst of fire which spread to the ship next to it. I watched as bodies launched into the air. The power of the blast knocked me off my feet and emitted a wave of scorching hot air. Black smoke erupted from the ship and shot strands of fire into the sky. Everything was ablaze.

Nobody was left on the Arizona.

It was pure horror. Corpses floated in the red water. The ocean was littered with them. Johnny no longer stood on the deck, for the deck was nonexistent. The fire swallowed him whole.

Screams echoed from the ship. Survivors were trapped within the iron walls of a sinking tomb. The scene I had so beautifully admired only two hours ago was now what I pictured hell to resemble. Men plunged into the sea in order to escape the fire. Some made it and swam to shore, but others didn’t get to hit the water.

Bombs dropped on every naval ship Pearl Harbor had to offer. Radar towers came crashing down, bringing as many sailors as it could. People flew in the air, limbs in unnatural positions like ragdolls.

My hat was long lost, my white uniform stained with smoke. My eyes teared from the fumes and the thought of my dead friends. The war was here and it didn’t wait, I had to do something. Running beside the burning ship, I watched as a sailor I knew attempt to lift a shut hatch. I couldn’t recall his name, but I recognized him, he was the beefy guy with the one-year-old daughter waiting for him at home. His muscles tightened as he turned the dog and raised the hatch as much as he could before his face turned red and was forced to stop. The sliver of opening left enough space for a dozen prying hands to reach out. They clawed for freedom with no avail.

The muffled sound of plane engines filled the skies again, airplane shadows flying over me. They open fired on the docks, splintering the wood and denting the already wrecked Arizona. The strong fellow was shot in the chest and fell with a thud, rolling off the ship and into the saltwater. He bobbed above the surface, but his enormous muscular arms pulled him under. Like that, entire lives were changed within a matter of seconds. I felt like I was drowning with them, no air entered my lungs. My mouth was dry, body aching. I observed my surrounding devastation. It looked like the end of the world.

A plane dove from the sky and seemed to be flying right for me like it was a vulture and I its prey. Bullets chased me to the end of the docks; only a couple more feet until the boards came to a stop. I dove headfirst into the bloodstained ocean, narrowly escaping towards safety. The plane flew back up to its regular altitude and fired on someone else. Floating in the ice cold water, I felt weak. I couldn’t keep my head above the surface. In reality, I wasn’t safe at all.

My lower back hurt and my head pounded. I couldn’t tread water anymore; my legs refused to move. I reached for the source of the pain and felt a hole in my flesh, the warmth of my blood seeping out of it and mixing with the freezing seawater. They got me. The war got me. Perhaps I wasn’t so ready after all.

The world was getting dimmer and blurrier. I swallowed one last gulp of air before the weight of my immobile body dragged me down. The sun still shined through the smoke, its glare piercing into the water like the arms of an angel, reaching to pull me back up. But I was too far gone. I couldn’t be saved. The last bubbles of air escaped my mouth and made their way to the top, curving around the still bodies of men that were suspended in the ocean. I was cold, so cold. I extended my arms towards a world that began to fade away, the light getting darker and darker as I neared the bottom. I didn’t even realize I wasn’t breathing; my lungs didn’t burn despite the lack of oxygen in them. It was like they were trapped in a small box, incapable of expanding and letting in air. But none of it hurt; it seemed natural. Maybe they were too feeble to feel anything.

Before my eyes, all I could see was crinkled sunshine on the surface of the sea and my fallen friends sinking to the ocean floor. My eyelids grew heavy and I fought a failing battle to keep them open. Tired, I succumbed and let them shut. Blackness swarmed my sight and all I came to know disappeared.  My heart slowed to a stop, the last thump gentle and quiet. I felt myself slipping away, too weak to hold on.  I half expected my life replay in my mind, but no such thing happened. In that moment, I didn’t think about anything. I couldn’t bring myself to work my brain. I couldn’t remember a single thing, so I didn’t bother trying. I was learning to let go. A numbness hugged me, stealing my sense of touch.

Everything felt weightless.

I opened my eyes to the ocean and its azure blue. The sunshine was still there, although it seemed to get closer. Or maybe it was me who was moving. I looked down and saw my body, lying on a coral-covered rock. I didn’t move and somehow, I appeared peaceful. One arm rested over my ribs while the other was bent over my head like I was napping. My eyes were closed. I had said my goodbye to the world. I was ready now.

Around me were the transparent ghosts of sailors and pilots, all rising up with me. I recognized familiar faces among them; the beefy man with the daughter, tiny Frank, Bernie from Newark, Lieutenant Gordon. They all grinned at me, standing proud and tall while flying up towards the water surface. Proud to have lived, proud to have served. I saw Johnny there too, his whole body a glowing white and his uniform finally clean. He smiled at me and waved, then pointed at where we were going. The brightness was blinding but warm. We disappeared into the light.


Mr. Brown

**warning: this is kind of horrific with vivid and grotesque details, it might be disturbing to some people, read at your own caution**

We sat in silence around Lisa’s living room coffee table. Dried cucumber sandwiches collected two days worth of dust on their plates while cold peppermint tea began to make ring-shaped stains around the inside of the tea cups. The only noise that could be heard came from outside; people chattering and cars driving by in a habitual routine. The neighbours walked their dogs and laughed with each other about jokes I couldn’t hear.

Finally sitting in Lisa’s house on that grey wool couch she gushed so much about when she came to visit was not as glamorous as we had all imagined it to be. The so-called living room in Calderwood was dull. Leather couches that were too cold to sit on in short dresses filled up a large circular room. Though there were many windows, the bars on them never failed to remind us of where we were. Lisa was the first to be released from that horrid place and it would be three years before I left there too. In that time, five of our friends from the inside were let back into society–me, the very last when the institution overcrowded in 1964.

Lisa got married and divorced in those three years, but managed to visit us for weekly updates on her liberation. She took much pride in being the first of us to be declared sane again. She talked about getting her first job and how great her husband Jonathan was, then how stupid he was after he left her, but mostly about her wonderful house. It was a typical condo in the suburbs that was replete with furniture and home decor that was useless–like plastic display fruits and a meat grinder–but she always talked about that grey wool couch. She first saw it in an Ideal Home magazine while she was waiting for the nurse to bring her her pills and had her eyes on it ever since. Now, owning that couch, she thought of it as a symbol for what she had overcome, her mental illness and the institution, and refused to stop bragging about it. Though she was arrogant when sharing her stories, I took pleasure in hearing them. They gave me ideas of what to do when I got out myself.

When I did eventually walk free, I went back to live with my adoptive father at his funeral home and got a part-time job at a grocery store owned by a heavy, loathsome, middle-aged man named Joseph Brown. I didn’t like his face, how he always looked like he washed it with dirt, but no other employers in town wanted to hire a girl who was in a psychiatric hospital. I tolerated him because I needed the money, other than that, I despised the man. I often thought about what it would be like to slit his fat throat cutting him up, feeling that sensation rush through my body, pumping my veins. God, I missed that, but I had worked so hard to convince the staff at Calderwood to believe in my “recovery”, I wasn’t planning on going back anytime soon.

That night was supposed to be our first gathering as free people. We had all endured William Calderwood Mental Institution, some much longer than others, and deserved a celebration. Although I didn’t think we could ever become what the world considered normal and that our illnesses would never truly, completely go away, I did think we were better than we were before and that should be commemorated greatly. The whole thing was supposed to be a party.

It was not.

Lisa slouched in her armchair, her cheeks darkened by mascara and tears. She stared blankly at her knees and held her own hands, trying to calm down the rapid twitching of her fingers. She had been in that same position for hours, losing herself in her mess of thoughts. I didn’t know exactly what she was thinking, but I was sure it was similar to what we all thought. We were going to get caught.

It had been two days and no officer had shown up at our doorstep, but maybe it was too soon to assume anything. The police in this town were smart men, surely they’d come for us, if not today then tomorrow. The last forty-eight hours seemed like they did not happen. I felt like I was in a trance, or a dream. I remembered the smell of bleach, the frantic atmosphere, the loud weeping and of course, the blood. Oh, that wonderful, beautiful crimson. I felt like a fat kid seeing fresh baked cookies.

It happened in the kitchen. A large red stain was imprinted on the carpet where the living room and kitchen met. Kathleen and I scrubbed it until our arms were numb, but it refused to disappear. If anyone were to ask, we all agreed to say there was an incident with a can of tomato sauce.

I did most of the work, though I wasn’t even the one who committed the crime. It was Lisa and all she had done since then consisted of sulking in her chair and crying. Her cries were deafening and ugly, but her voice was worse. Her constant self-blame and whining was driving me crazy. I almost started to enjoy bringing the bones to the basement just to escape the noise for a minute.

“Rosaline,” she’d scream through her tears, “I did it! It was me! They’re going to send me to jail!” I told her to shut up. The neighbours could overhear.

Poor Bethany cried too, but I didn’t mind her so much. She didn’t help clean up either, but I told her it was okay. She was an innocent child, only eighteen years old. She wasn’t ready to face the horrors of the real world and its sick people like Mr. Brown.

We all watched as Lisa struck him in the chest with the same knife she used to prepare our cucumber sandwiches. She was a paranoid and jittery woman. Severe panic disorder, I think she used to have. Mr. Brown was walking behind her to the washroom when his round stomach accidentally grazed her behind. At that moment, I knew Mr. Brown regretted that he had not tried to lose weight before. It was his fatness that killed him.

Lisa had misinterpreted the situation. She thought the same thing that happened to Bethany was going to happen to her, in her own home, right in her kitchen. She picked up her knife, turned around and raised it high. Under the incandescent light, the blade shined like a sword. A sword with bread crumbs and streaks of cucumber water, that is. I had never seen Lisa so furious. She plunged the cutting tool straight into Mr. Brown’s heart and screamed. She was crazed and I was almost proud. She stabbed him again, and again, and again, and again. There was almost a beauty to it, the manner of how the blood sprayed from his chest and his neck. He was like a fountain statue, spitting out red water. It splattered on the walls, the ceiling, the refrigerator and all over Lisa. Mr. Brown died in that kitchen, in front of all of us.

Lisa came and wept in our arms after seeing what she had done. Everyone was horrified and shocked, but I was merely surprised. I always thought I would be the first to murder someone, since I dreamed about it most. But Lisa? I couldn’t have imagined it. She has too many feelings.

Nancy had to draw her bath and help her wash off the blood like she was a child incapable of bathing herself. She was shaking the whole time and never stopped. Even now, two days later, she continued to tremble in the safety of her red leather armchair. We cleaned her kitchen, her carpet and her knife. She needed to relax, it was not a big deal. It was only murder. Besides, it was her fault. She invited Mr. Brown in hopes of scaring him to leave Bethany alone, she wanted to cut the cucumber sandwiches and she was the one who slashed his throat and tore up his chest with a knife. Stupid woman.

We worked all night to cover Lisa’s mess. In the morning, with Mr. Brown rolled up in rugs in the living room; I shared with the rest an arrangement I thought up during the night when everyone was asleep. I unravelled Mr. Brown and stared at him under the moonlight for a long time before realizing how much he resembled a pig. That’s when I got the idea.

It was the second day after our bloody night, Mrs. Brown would’ve reported her missing husband to the sheriff. There were a thousand people in this town. The police would knock on our door soon and ask to come inside. No one had a better proposal.

“It is perfectly reasonable,” I argued to my friends, “meat is meat.” They fired their thoughts at me and I held them off.

“I’m pretty sure that’s illegal.”

“Our murder is illegal.”

“It’s unethical.”

“What is these days?”

“What about the bones?”

“We can bury them.”

“The thought of it makes me sick.”

“Think, you imbeciles, they cannot prove Lisa is a murderer with no body to be found.” They scoffed at me and called me insane. It was ironic, had they forgotten where we had all met?

“The more time you waste with your insensible chatter, the closer the police are getting. Would you like to see Lisa rot in jail?” I said flatly. Lisa screamed and flung herself off of the chair, curling into a ball on the ground and sobbing, repeating the words “don’t let them take me”.

“Besides,” I continued and knelt down beside Mr. Brown’s corpse, “we’d join her in jail too, for being accomplices, maybe we’ll even be sent off to Calderwood again.” Linda shifted in her seat, shuttering and smoothing out non-existent wrinkled on her dress. Nancy bit her lip and dug her fingernails into her forehead, her old habits resurfacing like an unwelcome friend. I saw each and everyone of them break for just a second, really considering the reality of our situation. They began to see it the way I did after a prolonged and tedious dispute. They knew I was right.

“Well, I suppose they do it in some native tribes in Africa and Asia, I read it in my brother’s National Geographic magazine,” Brenda said. “And there’s no possible way for them to find the body after.” Brenda always supported me, I loved that schizophrenic. Ex-schizophrenic that is. I kept forgetting we weren’t in Calderwood anymore.

“If Mr. Brown is anything like a pig, I think I’d know how to cut him up,” Kathleen offered for she was the daughter of a butcher. By 9 o’clock most people were on board. Bethany and Lisa continued to stand their ground of disagreement. They didn’t want to eat a man for some reason.

By 10 o’clock, we had won them over. Lisa really did not want to go jail and we persuaded Bethany into thinking eating Mr. Brown was a method of getting revenge. They were hesitant, but there was no other way.

At 11 o’clock, we got him ready. Linda took care of the head, Brenda the limbs, Kathleen the organs, Nancy the cooking, Bethany the blood and I was in charge of cutting the meat–only Lisa sat and did nothing. The blood was poured into toilets, sinks and bathtubs between one-hour intervals; we didn’t want that much blood in the drains at once. The dismembering of the body was the hardest task to do since no knives in Lisa’s kitchen supported the cutting of human flesh. It took many hours but by sunrise, Mr. Brown was in twenty-five pieces.  Linda shaved the decapitated head and skinned his skull. The eyes were baked like potatoes with the legs, covered with a lemon honey glaze and sprinkled with rosemary. The skull was crushed almost into a powder and scattered into the soil of the garden. We threw the tongue, ears and teeth into the neighbour’s trash at dawn and continued to cook our full course meal.

We turned the lungs, heart and stomach into haggis, the intestines into a stew and sauteed the liver with onions and sage. The back and breast were ground through the not-so-useless meat grinder and layered between tomato sauce and cheese, baked as a lasagna. His hands were chopped into inch long pieces, breaded and fried in oil. We removed the skin and meat from his feet, marinated it in barbeque sauce then boiled it in order to make them cracker toppings. Longer bones, such as those in the arms, legs and ribs were burned in Lisa’s fireplace along with Mr. Brown’s clothes while the smaller bones were buried in the backyard. Everything remaining we ground and fed to the dog in the basement.

The entire process was muted, all you could hear was the occasional ding of the oven timer or the flame of the stove. I could tell nobody genuinely enjoyed it by their grimaces and constant cringing, but I was rather amused. I thought it was almost fun. I remember smiling when I saw his pink flesh being grounded like beef. I hadn’t smiled in years.

Nancy set the table while the remainder of us sat waiting in the living room. Still, nobody spoke. It was a risky plan, but I believe we executed it with precision. The bones were burnt and buried, the blood already in the sewers and Mr. Brown’s insides were well in the dog’s stomach by now. All that was left was to eat the rest of him. It was a genius plan, I wanted to pat myself on the back.

“Dinner is ready,” Nancy called from the dining room. Blank faces started to turn to look at the feast we had prepared. It was like a Thanksgiving dinner. One by one, we stood up and took our places around the dining table. Nancy lifted the covers of each dish, revealing foods that appeared very appetizing. Bethany said grace with tears in the brims of her eyes and began to split the lasagna. Before she could serve it to anyone, Lisa’s doorbell rang. As the sound echoed throughout the small condo, Lisa jumped out from her seat and ran upstairs. Guilty people always ran.

Four policemen were at the door, one held a picture of Joseph Brown and asked if I had seen this man in the last two days.

“No,” I answered calmly, “I hadn’t seen him since my last shift at the store on Wednesday. Why? Has something happened?”

“Yes ma’am,” the young officer informed, “his wife said he hasn’t come home since Friday. We’ve listed him as missing.”

“Oh well, that’s just terrible!” I gasped, “I wish I had more information to give you, I hope you find him soon.” I pause to glance back at the dinner table, at my friends and the Mr. Brown themed foods. “You know what, my friends and I just finished cooking up a scrumptious dinner, would you care to join?”

The young officer cracked a smile and chuckled, “We’d love to but the case comes first. We still have many houses to question. I appreciate the offer though, your meal smells fantastic! Thank you for your time, miss. Have a good evening.” With that, the four policemen walked away from the scene of the crime and visited the next house. I shut the door and returned to my seat. Lisa came back downstairs, pill bottle in hand for her panic attack which had now calmed down. Everybody’s eyes darted around the ceiling, trying to process what just happened. I’ll tell you what happened; we really got away with it. I loaded a piece of lasagna onto my fork and grinned as I put it in my mouth. I savoured the flavour before swallowing it. Mr. Brown was delicious.


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Fall Book Recommendations

The beginning of September is seen as a time of dread for many students as a new school year starts; deadlines begin approaching, homework piles up, and the darkness of tests starts to loom over us. With the stress of all of this, any fun, leisurely reading can quickly drop to the bottom of our list of things to do. Not only has reading on a daily basis been scientifically proven to improve academic scores, but more importantly it can be a great way to take a break and destress. To get you started, I’ve compiled a short list of novels that I’ve loved diving into over the last couple months.

So curl up with a fuzzy blanket & a hot drink (since summer seems to have sadly ended on us) and enjoy!

  1. 1. Inside the O’Briens by Lisa Genova

Many may recognize the name of this author from her famous book and motion picture, Still Alice. This novel was written as a continuation on the theme of how chronic illness not only impacts a patient physically, but also their support system both emotionally and socially. Genova shares the story of forty-three year old police officer, Joe O’Briens’, Huntington disease diagnosis. My favourite part of this book was definitely the human insights and resilience put forward in first perspective by his twenty-one year old daughter, Katie, who has to struggle with the decision of getting tested for Huntington’s or not.

 

2. Laughing All the Way to the Mosque by Zarqa Nawaz  

Written by the creator of comedy TV show, Little Mosque on the Prarie, Zarqa Nawaz has written a novel on growing up as a Muslim women in Western society. While the struggles were different 50 years ago, as a young Muslim girl living in a time of increasing division and hatred, I can still relate to some of the ideas she writes about. Over the last year, I’ve read many narratives, stories, and articles on combating racism and embracing diversity but one of the reasons I love this book is because it incorporates funny personal anecdotes which takes a light approach to a very deep subject. You will be sure to have a good laugh!

 

3. The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas 

Chances are, if you are a high school student, you’ve heard of this national bestselling book which has won numerous awards including the National Book Award for Young People’s Literature (2017) and the Edger Award for Best Young Adult (2018). After seeing the list of all the accolades and getting a copy of the novel as a gift, I thought I’d check it out. It follows the life of a 16 year old black girl, Star Williams, as she navigates her two lives; her fancy private school and her poor neighbourhood community as well as the shooting of her friend Khalil. It will definitely getting you thinking about social commentary.

4. The Ash Garden by Dennis Bock 

To be completely honest with you, it took me very long time to get through this story… Between the extremely strong language and the scattered plot line, I wasn’t quite hooked until about 3/4 of the way through the book. One of the weird things about me is that I hate stopping books mid way through, so I persevered and, boy, am I glad that I did. Its a historical fiction novel that illustrates the events of the Hiroshima bombing through two completely different perspectives; a six year old Japanese girl and a young German scientist.

 

 

5. Ish by Peter Reynolds

I know, I know – what is a 10 page children’s book with pictures doing on this list? I had never actually seen this story book until a few weeks ago but I immediately connected with the main idea of it. In the competitive, high paced, digital world we are living in, I think its a great reminder for all of us to take a step back and remember that there’s a lot more to life, than getting everything “just right.”

Image Sources: 1/2/3/4/5/6

Summer Swim Club

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A lot of people love to swim but don’t have the time during the school year. Luckily there’s such thing as a summer swim club. It runs from May to August, and it is not as much of a commitment compared to winter swim club.

Swimming during the summer is fun and also competitive. Similar to winter swimming, there are still swim meets and lots of competitions.

During the entire season, there is 9 meets total, including regionals and provincials. The 7 meets before regionals are to see which strokes you do best, and regionals is where you pick your 4 best events to compete in. If you are top 2 in your region, you qualify for provincials, where you swim against the fastest swimmers from all over Alberta.

However, if you choose not to be very competitive and just want to learn how to swim, you can do that too.

Summer swimming is a great alternative for winter swimming if you do not have the time.

 

Image Sources: 1/2/3/4

The Club Kids of New York’s Influence on Fashion

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In the 80’s and 90’s, the Club Kids, a youth group of dance personalities led primarily by party promoter Michael Alig, were a defining force in New York’s underground party scene. One Club Kid who can be commonly recognized by those born outside of the Club Kid era is RuPaul. RuPaul is a drag queen especially noted for producing the drag competition show, RuPaul’s Drag Race. The group is notable for experimentation, flamboyant persona’s, and outrageous looks. In 1988, Michael Musto wrote, 

They … are terminally superficial, have dubious aesthetic values, and are master manipulators, exploiters, and, thank God, partiers. 

Drug use quickly influenced the group, eventually leading to the conviction of Michael Alig and his roommate Robert D. “Freeze” Riggs for the murder of a fellow Club Kid member, Andre “Angel” Melendez, over a drug debt. Regardless, the New York club scene became a safe haven for marginalized groups to reflect a true expression of themselves. The encouragement of experimentation led to a pushing of boundaries politically, musically, and aesthetically. Up until this point, Mayor Rudy Giuliani of New York cracked down on nightclubs, further marginalizing and hindering the expression of homosexuals, genderqueer folk, and people of colour. Michael Alig, along with his mentor James St. James, created a profound community, centred around the club Limelight, for the nation’s misfits, encouraging unique self-expression and defining a clear political statement, shaping the electronic/hip-hop music style, and creating a never before seen look.

James St. James

This aesthetic is still extremely influential on runways and in LGBTQ+ fashion. Nightlife for Club Kids consisted of an absolute fluidity of gender, self-made outfits, and an iconic truth of self. The looks of Club Kids were extremely imaginative, far more extreme than runway looks at the time. Their fearlessness inspired fashion, notably influencing designer John Paul Gaultier, who frequently visited Limelight.


Vintage is resurfacing, and it has been for some time. The aesthetic of the 90’s is bright, patterned, and often weird. This utilization of design and mixing of aesthetics was extremely prevalent in New York nightclubs, shaping the bright and glittery 90’s era described today. This resurface has allowed the aesthetic to thrive in commercial style and in high fashion. Frankly, Club Kids’ makeup was odd, often consisting of bright colours and harsh lines. In June of 2018, Crayola released a makeup collection that shocked the internet. Although the quality of the products is questionable, the promo pictures were stunning and mimicked a familiar 90’s aesthetic, showing that makeup is for everyone, including people of colour and men.

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An ad for the Crayola makeup line that mirrors the Club Kids’ makeup

In high fashion, designers like Gucci have put a twist on the eccentric style, featuring curious patterns, extravagant accessories, and lot’s of shine in recent collections. For his 30th birthday, Frank Ocean threw a Paris is Burning themed birthday party, where he was seen wearing large Gucci pineapple sunglasses and net crystal pants, priced currently on Gucci’s website at $4750. Although that doesn’t necessarily follow the DIY of Club Kid aesthetic, it definitely follows the unconventional style and fabulousness.

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Frank Ocean at his 30th birthday party

Designers may not purposely gain inspiration from Alig and the often childish “lunchbox” aesthetic of the Club Kids, but the design choices and the ethos of fabulousness, fame, and flash is rooted in the iconic looks of New York. The persona of the Club Kid era is recognized with an attitude of “being famous for being famous,” which is still extremely present in the current culture of North America, as the popularity of T.V. reality and social media continues to rise.


In particular, Lady Gaga is credited for bringing forward a new, but familiar Club Kid style to modern pop culture. Her take on the kiddie aesthetic has brought forward a new group of ‘club kids” in New York, unrelated to Michael, but partiers nonetheless.

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Lady Gaga pictured leaving an airport

Michael Musto described the Club Kid look and persona humorously saying,

We’re a bunch of kids but we’re really bratty kids and we’re doing things that shouldn’t be done by anybody.

One important aspect of the Club Kid aesthetic was the statement behind it. The fashion was boundary pushing, but it was also an outward expression of an oppressed culture. The nightlife was a safe haven for the disenfranchised people of New York to express a unique individuality and sexuality. Underground clubs celebrated differences, exploring the limits of fashion and the Club Kids’ own alienation by blending what Musto describes as,

Japanese anime, fractured fairy tale Mother Goose chic gone amok, apocalyptic chic, and a heavy influence of British outrageous performance art in the person of Leigh Bowery.

Ultimately, the Club Kids achieved their goal… using outrageous stylistic choices as a way to get famous at all costs. Along that road to legendary status, which was often dark and twisted, the Club Kids defined the aesthetic of the 90’s. Their uniqueness allowed their experience to survive today, where the mindset of the Club Kids continue to thrive in an increasingly digital world. These clubs acted as a support system for marginalized groups, allowing those who were alienated to explore their sexuality, gender, and look, ultimately leading to a group of partiers who defined what it means to be unique. Through experimentation, the Club Kids created a persona and especially, an aesthetic that has transcended into modern culture, paving the way for the unique, outlandish, and utterly fabulous stylistic choices that exist today.


Club Kids-

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Club Kids Astro Erle, Sushi, Desi Monster, and Waltpaper Copabanana
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Kenny Kenny, Lavinia Co-op, and Chris Couture in Limelight
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Desi Monster and Jennytalia at the Official Outlaw Party in Jackson Square Park, NYC
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Michael Alig and Keoki at Larry Tee’s Love Machine, 1990
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Early beginnings of a drag evolution
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Sacred Boy and Keda
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Dean Bowery wearing his signature double glasses

Sources-

The Fader

Images-

Club Kid

James St. James

Crayola

Frank Ocean

Lady Gaga

Club Kids Photos 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7


A Note from the Author:

I have a lot of admiration for the Club Kids of New York. Obviously, there were some aspects of this party culture that are extremely dark. However, I can respect the individuality of these trendsetters that impacted and continues to impact fashion. Personally, I find commercial fashion… boring, especially for men. I’m someone who genuinely enjoys high fashion and appreciates the art and eccentric style. Not that I’m trying to be pretentious, but the way I look at it, life is very short, and in that confined time I want to do and explore as much as possible. Particularly, commercial men’s fashion lacks a utilization of colour and fabric that I see in women’s clothing from the same brands. It’s often disheartening to walk into a huge women’s section only to find nothing upstairs. Not that this is a huge issue because in theory, I could shop wherever I wanted, in the men or women section. However, in practice, androgyny comes with a lot of ridicule. I could never dress like a Club Kid going to school, but a part of me wish I could because simply, why not. Looking at the pictures and seeing such odd outfits and makeup styles was exciting. This is why I admire and chose to write about the Club Kids. The underground nightlife in New York was completely judgement free. Androgyny, fluidity, and outfits that were straight-up weird were accepted because to them and many others, gender was a social construct that didn’t need to be followed. The celebration of experimentation is what I think was the most iconic aspect of the Club Kids. That willingness to push boundaries changed the aesthetic of the time and continues to influence modern fashion. Noticeably, I’m very fortunate to even be in a position to complain about the selection of clothes affordable brands have to offer, and I’m not trying to be hypercritical because obviously not everyone is going to want to shave their eyebrows and wear gas-masks in public. However, I just hope that the unquestioned acceptance exemplified by the Club Kids of New York becomes more widespread, not just for fashion, but for the lives and choices of others. Truly, life is short… so dress how you want, don’t let others disrespect your uniqueness, and just party!

Mysteries of Space: Black Holes

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What is a black hole?

 

A black hole is a region in space where gravity pulls so much that even light cannot get out. The gravity is so strong because of how dense they are. These mysterious phenomenon form when a dying star can no longer put out any energy so the gravity of the star will cause it to collapse on itself. All the mass will be concentrated into one space, forming the black hole. To give you some perspective, if the earth magically collapsed into a black hole, it would be about the size of a nickel.

 

The 3 types of black holes

Primordial: Tiny black holes; could be the size of an atom or a mountain.

Stellar: The most common type; they’re about 20 times larger than the sun.

Supermassive: These behemoths can have the mass of about 1 billion suns. They can dwarves the size of our solar system!

Did you know? Our very own galaxy, the milky way, has a supermassive black hole at the center. Don’t worry though, it’s 26 000 light years away.

 

“Parts” of a black hole

Point of singularity: All the matter of the star before it died and anything that the black hole eats will be squeezed into the center of a black hole is a gravitational singularity, a one-dimensional point which contains a huge mass in an infinitely small space, where density and gravity become infinite and space-time curves infinitely. Scientist are still trying to discover more about this singularity as our modern laws of physics wouldn’t work in such an environment.

Accretion disc: Material such as gas, dust, and stellar debris that has not quite fallen in yet forms a flattened band of super high speed spinning matter around the event horizon. This accretion disk can be seen, because the spinning particles are accelerated to tremendous speeds by the huge gravity of the black hole, releasing heat and powerful x-rays and gamma rays out into the universe as they smash into each other. The most powerful gamma ray bursts are produced by black holes, and can be seen from millions of light years away.

Event horizon: It’s sort of like the point of no return, once you go past it, you will never be able to come out.

 

How can we see a black hole?

Because no light can get out, people can’t see black holes; they are invisible. However, scientists can see the accretion disc formed by the black hole. They can also observe how the strong gravity affects the stars and gas around the black hole. By looking what’s around the black hole, scientists can determine the mass of the black hole too.

We still have much to learn on this topic, but scientists are learning more and more every day. Black holes are one of the most puzzling aspects of space, but that’s what makes them interesting!

 

Sources: 1/2/3

Image Sources: 1/2/3/4/5/6

10 Must-Attend Festivals Before the 2018 School Year

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Are you looking for a festive place to spend time with your friends this summer? August is already here, and Calgary has a collection of lively events planned out! Here is a list of 10 must-attend festivals before the 2018-19 school year:

Calgary Fringe Festival

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The popular annual film festival event is ready for its next August events in Calgary from August 3-11. The Calgary Fringe offers to foster a sense of community to Calgarians through the theatrical arts, including interdisciplinary approaches to artistic freedom and expression, as well as festive shows. Come on down to learn about the artistic history of Canada, as well as the innovative future of Canadian art and music.

For more information:Click here  or Click here

Shakespeare by the Bow

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To be held in Prince’s Island Park, Shakespeare by the Bow gives an opportunity to bask in the glory of Albertan artists and to join in on Shakespeare’s first comedy, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona.” Theatre Calgary is the city’s largest theatre company, and it upholds its status with this theatre event, featuring Alberta’s emerging artists that will steal the stage in future years. Make sure to attend this event before it closes on August 19, and all performances are Pay What You Will.

For more information: Click here

Kensington Summertime Outdoor Movie Series

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For the first four Fridays in August at 9 p.m., bring your own chair with your family to enjoy a free, classic movie in this popular outdoor cinema. Make sure to keep extra bug spray and a comfortable cushion for your chair, as this is an outdoor event.

For more information: Click here

Movies at the Meadows

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Watching movies outdoors is becoming a popular activity for the summer. Spruce Meadows is offering a family friendly get-together to watch movies together under the stars! There will be popcorn and movie treats available for purchase. Bring a chair and a blanket, as the doors open at 7 p.m., but the movie starts at 9 p.m.

For more information: Click here

Milky Way Nights

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The Rothney Astrophysical Observatory in the University of Calgary is holding a late night observing to see stars, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, as well as The Perseid Meteor Show. The public will be observing the night sky alongside astronomical researchers from U of C. There will be a sky tour, but no formal talk will be held because this event is dedicated to observation with telescopes and enjoyment of the array of constellations and planets.

For more information: Click here or Click here

Taste of Calgary

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Get a taste of the most interesting and unique beverages, restaurants, musicians, and marketplace vendors in Taste of Calgary’s 2018 festival! You can sample any menu items, visit artisans and entrepreneurs, and join in on the interactive activities. The Taste of Calgary’s official website also allows you to become a volunteer, a vendor, or even buy your tickets in advance to avoid the long lines.

For more information: Click here

When Words Collide

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If you’re interested in reading, writing, publishing, poetry, or literary fiction art, then this festival is for you. Register for this event (August 10-12) to meet hundreds of people with similar interests, and listen to bestselling authors, journalists, and editors as they share their stories and advice on how you can advance in your passion for words.

For more information: Click here

Global Fest

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Held annually since 2003, Global Fest is a non-profit festival is dedicated towards celebrating Calgary’s cultural and artistic diversity.  The Human Rights Forum and Urban Arts Program enhances the reputation of Calgary’s values and principles. There will be live music, multicultural food, handcrafted keepsakes, and international clothing, all available at the Night Market!

For more information: Click here

Japanese Festival “Omatsuri”

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Come down to the Max Bell Centre on Saturday, August 11, 2018, to celebrate Japanese culture with authentic music, dance, and martial arts. There will be games for kids, galleries of local arts and crafts, as well as kiosks that will sell you the finest Japanese cuisine.

For more information: Click here

Calgary Dragon Boat Race and Festival

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On August 11-12, come to North Glenmore Park to watch a competitive and active dragon boat competition! This family-friendly contest inspires teamwork and cooperation. There will be food trucks, special events, and teams participating from outside of Calgary. Join 4000+ spectators to view this years Dragon Boat Festival for the most memorable experience this summer!

For more information: Click here

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Job Interview Cheat Sheet: How to Guarantee Yourself Any Job

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Are you looking for a job but aren’t sure if you’ll be hired? Is there a position you just have to get? Here are some tips to help you ace that next interview!

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Research the company/industry you have in mind

Your interviewer may ask questions about the company’s mission and values, what the company has been up to lately, or recent changes in the company itself. For this reason, research the company you are applying to, and try to ask yourself questions you think the interviewer may ask. The more you know about the company you are applying to, the higher your chances of nailing that interview.

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Clarify your selling points

To guarantee your success, work on your first impression.  Come in with positive energy and shake the interviewer(s) hand.  Then, prepare yourself with a few points on why you are fit for the job. Interviewers may receive hundreds of résumés and applicants, and it is your job to prove to them that you are a better fit for the company. Have an example for each of your selling points and show enthusiasm! Interviewers look for interest, and this willingness for the position can be what differentiates you from the other applicants.

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Practice the common questions

I’m sure you have heard of common interview questions, such as “what is your biggest strength,” or even “tell us an example of a time you…” These questions may seem simple, but are hard to answer on the spot. To prevent yourself from fumbling in an interview, try watching recent YouTube videos or read a few books on common interview questions and how to answer them. Look for questions that you will most likely be asked based on your age or work experience.

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Also practice the “behaviour-based” questions

These questions take up most of the interview. This is the moment you are asked to describe experiences about certain behaviours that are important for the position. For example, you may be asked what you did when you made a wrong decision, how well you worked under pressure, or how you approached a task with limited information.  The SAR (Situation-Action-Result) method is useful here. Reword the situation presented, explain the actions you took, the consequences of these actions, and what you learned from the experience.

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Have some questions ready for the interviewer

An interviewer may ask you if you have any questions at the end. If you answer with “no” or “not really”, it may seem as if you are not interested in the position you applied for. Instead, try to prepare at least two questions for the interviewer, such as “what do you look for in a potential candidate?” or “what are the best things about this company?”  You can also come up with a few questions throughout the interview. Don’t be afraid to ask in the middle!

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Send thank-you notes

Putting aside the results of the interview, thank-you notes are always a good way to give thanks to the company for their time. These should be sent to the company within 24 hours of the interview. You can send one by e-mail or mail, depending on the preferences of the company. Make sure to include specific details about the interview, such as “I was interested about what you mentioned about the…” This way, you will increase your chances of leaving a lasting impression in the interviewer’s mind!

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Dulce et Decorum Est: Poem Analysis- Post VPA 2018 Part 5

The Vimy Pilgrimage Award is an educational program that takes twenty Canadian youth to Europe for one week to learn about Canada’s efforts and the First World War. I was fortunate enough to be chosen to go this year and I was truly moved and honored to go with such a wonderful group of people. To learn more about the award and my experience, go check out my other articles.

Before going on the pilgrimage, all the participants had to research a Canadian soldier who died in the First World War, write his biography and tribute to him. Then, during the experience, we got to visit each of our soldiers’ graves and read these two articles, afterward, we got to make a rubbing of the headstone. My soldier, Sergeant Hugh Cairns, VC, from Saskatchewan, was the last recipient of the Victoria Cross Award. This award is the highest honor that can be bestowed upon a soldier of the British Empire. (I also wrote about this award for my application essay, this is also where I learned about Hugh’s story.) To read the biography that I wrote, click here and click here to read my tribute.

In February 2018, I began to read some First World War novels and poetry in order to give myself some more background before I went on the Vimy Pilgrimage (although I didn’t quite need it, since we were given a lot of articles to read). I came across Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est and it quickly became a favorite. Originally, for my soldier project, I wanted to research Owen, but the project called for a Canadian soldier. But our head chaperone suggested that I research Owen as well as another soldier. I willingly accepted, and we were this close to visiting his grave, but there wasn’t enough time, and we all wanted to get to the hotel faster. Click here to read the biography I wrote, and for my tribute, I decided to analyze Dulce et Decorum Est.

Siegfried Sassoon was one of Owen’s friends, who deeply influenced his writing in the FWW. To learn more about him and Owen, go check out my biography. (Image Source) 

I’ll first put just the poem down, and then put my analysis of each line across from it. I suggest that after you read the analysis, you go back and read the poem.

Dulce et Decorum Est

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,

Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,

Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs

And towards our distant rest began to trudge.

Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots

But limped on, blood shod. All went lame, all blind;

Drunk with fatigue, deaf even to the hoots

Of tired, outstripped Five-nines that dropped behind.

Gas! GAS! Quick boys! – An ecstasy of fumbling,

Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time;

But someone still was yelling out and stumbling,

And floundr’ing like a man in fire or lime…

Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light,

As under a green sea, I saw him drowning,

If in some somthering dreams you too could pace,

Behind the wagon we flung him in,

And watch the white eyes writhing in his face,

His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin;

If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood

Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,

Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud

Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, –

My friend, you would not tell with such high zest

To children, ardent for some desperate glory,

The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est

Pro patria mori.

The original Dulce et Decorum Est was dedicated to Jessie Pope, a propaganda poet during the FWW, but the dedication was cut for publication. 

Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, – throughout the poem, you can see that Wilfred Owen is trying to destroy the image the reader might have of young strong men gallantly going off to war; not only that, but he is also trying to show that war can change men to boys, as we’ll see later on.

Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge, -Owen wants you to imagine these old women, coughing with strangled hair; this once again breaks down the reader’s stereotype, usually we would think soldiers are in good health, but here, he is once again proving us wrong

Till on the haunting flares, we turned our backs

And towards our distant rest began to trudge. – the march the soldiers have to go through actually existed and Owen and his men had to endure, it lasted about five miles; the soldiers are returning from two weeks of constant action at the front, so the most they can do is drag one foot after another

Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots – the First World War is infamous for trench combat; there was about two to three feet of water usually always in them, this caused the soldiers to suffer from a condition known as trench’s foot, their feet would literally rot, because soldiers sometimes would go for weeks on end without drying their feet; it would, lots of times, result in amputation, of varying degrees; here Owen is saying that the trenches were so flooded, that many left their boots behind, since they were extra weight, and many had completely lost them in the water.

But limped on, blood-shod. All went lame; all blind; – Owen is quite relentless on the graphic imagery in this poem; since the men had lost their boots, they weren’t exactly walking on hardwood, the ground contained a lot of debris from the war, so often as not, these would get stuck in the soldiers’ feet; ‘blood shod’ is saying that the men had to walk on shoes of blood. Another meaning you can draw from this is that the men were walking on a ground of blood, because of the mess under their feet

Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots

Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind. – Five-nines was slang used for a type of a shell during the First World War; there are many versions of the poem where they’ve changed this line so the reader understands the poem better; I’m going to indulge my literary geek and point out to you that the first lines start with iambic pentameter, but by now, Owen has dropped it to show the fatigue of the men

 

Gas! Gas! Quick, boys! – An ecstasy of fumbling, -the gas attack starts now, they are in a trance-like hurry to put on their helmets, ecstasy in these terms has nothing to do with happiness, the use of ‘boys’ contradicts the image we just saw from the last stanza, it’s true, since a lot of the soldiers were either underage or very young , Owen is slowly reducing the soldiers from their stereotype, to what they really are; he said in the first stanza: Men marched asleep, many had lost their boots but now he is saying boys; this continues on with the poem; here Owen is trying to shock the reader, just the way they were when the gas attack started; he was trying to convey the tiredness to the reader, and naturally, the latter was falling asleep, his use of dialogue quickly jolts the reader awake.

Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time; -technology in the First World War wasn’t very advanced, and the soldiers were quite creative with what they did with their supplies, often as not, they would carve intricate shapes and designs into bullets, or make lighters out of chunks of metal in order to make time pass at the front; so the gas helmets weren’t the best fit and quite difficult to put on, especially when you’re exhausted.

But someone still was yelling out and stumbling,

And flound’ring like a man in fire or lime. . . -lime is a corrosive material.

Dim, through the misty panes and thick green light, -referring to what Owen could see from the gas mask, the eye-holes on these masks had green glass on them.

As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. –green sea is once again referring to Owen’s view; he also uses an oxymoron, as he’s saying that the soldier is drowning on land; this was quite the case with the gas attacks

In all my dreams, before my helpless sight,

He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. -this is where he starts to talk about the effect of this scene has had on him, by using first person nouns ‘I’ ‘my’ ‘me’, through the whole poem, Owen keeps a good rhyme scheme, but here, he rhymes ‘drowning’ with itself, I think he did it on purpose.

 

If in some smothering dreams you too could pace -starts to confront the reader, breaking the fourth wall, especially the people back at home, shows his outrage with England for sending the soldiers there, (he was mostly angry with England instead of the enemy, because his country could send him back but wasn’t)

Behind the wagon that we flung him in, -the use of flung is really impactful, the soldier was an actual person, but at the same time, they are still honoring him by taking his body, so there won’t be an empty grave or a name on a memorial

And watch the white eyes writhing in his face, – writhing: continual movement, squirming

His hanging face, like a devil’s sick of sin; -irony, when does a devil become sick of sin? How horrible could this war have been

If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood

Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs,

Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud -cud: after a cow eats some grass, he/she throws it up from their first stomach in order to chew it again, the spit up stuff is cud; this is suggesting that the man needs to chew his blood because it’s so thick

Of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues, -this talks not only about the dead soldier’s tongue, but every soldier, repeating propaganda on the battlefield, like: I will die nobly in battle; Owen is saying that they’ve repeated this so much that they sores on their tongues.

My friend, you would not tell with such high zest -you wouldn’t say so energetically

To children ardent for some desperate glory, -children, refers once again to the first stanza and the second, the use of the words to describe the soldiers slowly makes them seem smaller and smaller, to their true age; first we started with Men marched asleep then Gas! GAS! Quick boys! And here Owen is referring to the soldiers as children; ardent: thirsty

The old Lie; Dulce et Decorum est

Pro patria mori. -latin for: It is sweet and right to die for one’s country

(Image Source)

Wilfred Owen died November 4, 1918, a week before the armistice. (Image Source) This is Owen’s grave in the Ors Communal Cemetery.

If you liked this poem, I highly suggest that you go and read the rest of his poems, especially the pre-war poems, they are much less graphic, but nonetheless beautiful. In general, if you’re looking for a bit of a challenge and a history lesson at the same time, I suggest that you go and check out First World War poetry in general. One of my favorite books for FWW poetry is the Penguin Book of First World War Poetry.

(Image Source)

Stay tuned for the essay that I wrote that got me chosen for this award.

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Life Lessons from SHAD

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SHAD has been the most transformative, life-changing experience I have ever had. Here are 50 of the life lessons I have learned to live by that I would like to share with you.

 

  1. Courage over comfort
  2. Be your true, authentic self
  3. We are blessed with the curse of great potential
  4. Done is better than perfect
  5. Perfection is impossible, but in pursuing perfection, we will catch excellence
  6. There is no winning or losing: it’s all about the experience
  7. University is a place to explore and discover yourself
  8. Call people in – don’t call them out
  9. Assume 100% of responsibility in a conflict, because you can’t control the other person
  10. You can be passionate about something but not attached
  11. I care but I don’t mind (Be unaffected by the outcome)
  12. There is no world: there are only 8 billion different interpretations of it
  13. If you change one person’s perspective, you change their whole world
  14. Profit is the outcome of achieving your purpose and changing the world
  15. Don’t assume what people want: go talk to them
  16. Don’t play to not lose, play to win
  17. Playing it safe can be risky
  18. Public speaking should be you having 100 conversations with 100 different people in the room, instead of 1 conversation with the 100 people
  19. Rather try and fail, than fail to try
  20. When driving, honk if you love Jesus, text if you want to meet him
  21. Be happy with what you have
  22. Life = experiences + people
  23. Work really hard for your grades, but work twice as hard to make your grades the least impressive part of yourself
  24. Don’t think outside the box, think without a box
  25. If you don’t ask, the answer is always no
  26. The thing that people want the most is to be appreciated
  27. To appreciate someone, listen to what they have to say, thank and acknowledge them, and say their name
  28. You have 2 ears and 1 mouth – use them in that proportion
  29. Leadership is the art of getting people to get something done because they WANT to get something done
  30. Things are changing faster now than they ever have been, but they are changing slower than it ever will be compared to the future
  31. The pursuit of greatness can never be achieved, so always strive to get better
  32. How well we communicate is determined not by how well we say things, but how well we are understood
  33. Becoming is better than being
  34. Nothing is more common than talented people who are unsuccessful
  35. Push yourself to fatigue, not exhaustion
  36. Sell your cleverness and buy bewilderedness
  37. People don’t care how much you know, until they know how much you care
  38. Be the leader you would follow
  39. Don’t fear knowledge
  40. Coming together is the beginning, keeping together is progress, working together is success
  41. If you keep killing time, time will turn around and kill you
  42. Wonder about everything
  43. Not all questions need to be answered
  44. Need can always be met, while greed can never be fulfilled
  45. People are buying too many things they don’t need with money they don’t have to impress people that don’t matter
  46. Anyone can make a difference anytime
  47. Missed opportunities sometimes last the longest
  48. Plant the seed of connectivity and watch it flourish
  49. You are unrepeatable: there is magic about you that is all your own
  50. All you need is 20 seconds of insane courage and I promise you something great will come out of it

 

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Interesting Pieces of Modern Music

Music is an essential part of human history, with different styles present in different societies throughout different eras. Some pieces of music are mind-bogglingly difficult to play, some evoke strong emotions, and some are just background noise. However, new ideas are constantly developing, which leads to the composition of some odd pieces in the modern era. Here are a couple of these interesting works.

Poème symphonique for 100 metronomes by Gÿorgy Ligeti

A metronome is a device that ticks at a steady rhythm, usually used by people learning to play something at the proper speed. This piece is meant to be performed by ten players in charge of ten mechanical metronomes each. The piece ends when all of the metronomes stop ticking.

4’33” by John Cage

This piece was a statement against the generic canned music that played continuously in the city background, a brief moment to restore silence, and the demonstration that the frame in which a work is presented can change the perception of it. The performer sits in the concert hall for four minutes and 33 seconds of the three-movement composition.

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Are we entitled to comfort?

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Over the past several years, one increasingly commonplace phenomenon that has emerged within the university – an institution traditionally revered for its sacred values of thought, inquiry and progress – is the appearance of public protest surrounding events featuring some controversial speaker presenting a lecture, or the like, occasionally resulting in a “disinvitation” of said speaker to the university campus by the academic administration 1, 2, 3. Furthermore, some Western universities, as well as some secondary, middle, and elementary schools, are offering what’s known as a “safe space”4: a region of protection from the threats and discomforts of the broader outside world. These two occurrences, instances drawn out of perhaps several more subtler ones, shed a light on the direction that educational authorities are taking today’s youth – either through direct actions or through permitting a silencing of dissenting perspectives – in addition to the consequences of these seemingly well-meaning initiatives.

Nobody can improve him or herself without stepping outside the comfort zone; this premise is self-evidently echoed across all aspects of meaningful pursuit, whether it be physically growing stronger through exercise, learning a motor skill through hours of repetition, or finally grasping calculus following a fruitful struggle. So why, then, does there exist the belief that sheltering people from discomfort is doing them a service? The claim is not completely unreasonable: one of the primal motivations behind our actions is the seeking of comfort. A man working a 9-to-5 office job may hold a pleasant retirement at the forefront of his goals. Is it not, then, benevolent to grant comfort to others? Is it not beneficial for everyone to be a little more comfortable?

And that’s where the problem lies. In the scenario of shirking from exposure to differing opinions and schools of thought, “a little more” could quickly turn into “too much”. It could even be argued that they’re exactly the same thing: not even wishing to witness the prospect of a challenge, contrary to choosing not to bear it, may be the nail in the coffin which degenerates the adaptable human into a static monstrosity, unable to cope with the naturally changing environment and unpredictable chaos of the external world.

Naturally, a line should be drawn concerning the comforts which should be taken for granted if society is to usefully function; for instance, it’s reasonably maintained in democratic Western states that speaking something shouldn’t result in violence or threat of death. Physical harm is off the table, and for good reason. But what about words: should there be restraints on what people are able to hear? People aren’t allowed to yell “fire” in a crowded theatre or encourage the harm of other individuals, but within the already established constraints of free speech being tolerated given that it doesn’t infringe upon the liberties of others, why should speech be dissected in this context according to how others respond to it?

Speech, a well-established medium through which ideas and opinions are communicated, quickly loses its versatility and usefulness when it’s to be regulated socially, or legislatively, or otherwise. Sometimes, the payoff is worth it, like in the prevention of disorder and chaos from the “crowded theatre” example. Beyond that, if it can’t be tolerated because someone else disagrees – or, in the unequivocally catastrophic scenario, feels offended! – by it, nearly nothing can be spoken at all.

Nobody likes to feel offended, and experiencing such may be worse in today’s age, as compared to the past. Everything is increasing in complexity, naturally, as a function of time: millennia ago, the job title of “engineer” was specific enough to concern dabblings in many mechanical aspects. Now, there are material scientists, structural analysis specialists, and transport systems professionals – among many others5. There’s much more information now than ever before, and an implication of the prevalence of information is the increase in uncertainty within the world’s dealings. Especially for impressionable young people, the external can be overwhelmingly confusing or even incomprehensible at times; it’s rational for a proclivity to seek predictability to manifest in an aversion of uncomfortable new ideas and thoughts. But such an inclination should be satiated through thoughtful consideration and coping with the challenge, instead of fleeing from the prospect of the unknown.

Finally, the actions of student “activists” and administrators who object to the presence of differently-opinioned speakers removes the opportunity presented to willing participants in such events. Making decisions not only for oneself to not attend such an unpleasant dialogue, but for the broader student body as well (assuming that students pay for a challenging education that promotes inquiry, not for inclusion into an echo chamber that tolerates only certain perspectives), carries with it the dangerous and arrogant presupposition that one’s justified in representing and making decisions on behalf of others without any indication of such. The ironic dichotomy that emerges from a combination of failure to consider difficult notions and a complacent temperament, assuming that others want to be just as sheltered as they propose, bears a striking resemblance to the archetypal Oedipal mother: the spirit of the overinvolved maternal figure in Freud’s Oedipal complex, which ultimately cripples the independence and – consequently – competence of the child6. In the West, one archetypal theme of the feminine is that which holds the infant tenderly while stepping on the snake (chaos and danger; in this context, it serves as the uncomfortable.) There’s good biological reason for this: infants are helpless. But children are not infants, and university students certainly aren’t, either; treating them as such when they can act and make decisions strips away their autonomy, and that does not seem like a service to them.

People deal with discomfort by struggling to feel comfortable; acquiring comfort without such adaptation dismantles one’s ability to explore the unfamiliar – and exploring is the price to pay for progress. Sometimes, in the face of overwhelming chaos, immediate certainty is necessary. But if that appears always to be the case…

Look inward.

Image sources: banner

[1] Airaksinen, T. (2018) Students call Christina Hogg Sommers a ‘known fascist’. Ret 30/07/2018 from https://www.campusreform.org/?ID=10602

[2] Logue, J. (2016) Uninviting Rap. Ret 30/07/2018 from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/04/01/gw-disinvites-action-bronson-offensive-lyrics-and-statements

[3]Lavender, P. (2015) Nicholas Dirks, Chancellor of Berkeley: ‘Education is not about making people feel comfortable’. Ret 30/07/2018 from https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/nicholas-dirks-davos_n_6505608

[4] CBC News. (2016) Triangle Program, Canada’s only LGBT high school, a safe space for students. Ret 30/07/2018 from https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/triangle-program-lgbt-high-school-1.3637733

[5] Mechanical Engineering (2018). Ret 30/07/2018 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_engineering

[6] Peterson, J. B. (2017) Strengthen the Individual. Ret 30/07/2018 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UL-SdOhwek

Straws Suck… But Getting Rid Of Them Sucks Even More

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About a month ago, the Keg replaced their plastic straws with a plant-based straw in an effort to minimize plastic waste. A restaurant in Banff, Magpie and Stump, is following the #StrawsSuck campaign and serving all drink without straws. Even Starbucks has planned to eliminate all plastic straws from their stores by 2020. Vancouver and Seattle have banned plastic straws all together, and cities like New York and San Francisco are planning to follow.

All across North America, restaurants and households are opting to go strawless, to limit their environmental footprint. For most people, having no straw is nothing more than an inconvenience, and when 8 million metric tons of plastic (predicted to increase tenfold in the next ten years) enters our oceans every year, many people are happy to sacrifice convenience.

Image result for plastic in the ocean
Plastic pollution is a huge problem for oceanic ecosystems

However, going strawless is much more than an inconvenience for others. For disabled people, having a straw means independence. The elimination of plastic at any quantity is a win for the environment, but in the case of plastic straws, it comes with a tragic cost. The elderly, those with weakness due to neuromuscular genetic disorders or other disorders, and many other people with disabilities require straws to drink. Specifically, plastic straws are needed for all who can’t lift a drink or bring themselves close enough to the beverage. For many, being able to independently eat and drink is as vital as wheelchair accessibility in buildings. Past the physical health and wellness, independence for disabled people improves mental health and wellness as well, cultivating confidence and fulfillment.


Obviously, straws are important for those with disabilities, but many people wonder why a compostable straw or other alternatives aren’t sufficient. Firstly, compostable paper straws often dissolve and lose strength from usage. As well, metal straws reflect the temperature of the drink, making the outside of the straw extremely hot or cold.

By explaining the need for straws, specifically plastic, bendable straws, the disabled community isn’t being anti-environment, they are protecting their equity. Many would be happy to opt for eco-friendly options if they physically could. It is often described that marginalized groups, including disabled people, are living in a world that wasn’t made for them. Now that plastic straws have given equity and independence, it is harmful and regressive to take that freedom away. There is still a much-needed fight for absolute freedom regarding disabled people.

When the problems with straw bans were explained by the disabled community, many non-disabled people responded with suggestions attempting to solve both issues. Some suggested biodegradable alternatives. However, they don’t provide uniform accessibility. Others suggested that disabled folk bring their own straws. Truthfully, that is not equitable. It is not fair to expect a specific group of consumers to put in extra work and money to feel accommodated, while others can use what is provided to them for free. Twitter user @Imani_Barbarin explained this beautifully…

https://twitter.com/Imani_Barbarin/status/1018605073876901888


The fact is, accessibility is a human rights issue. A complete removal of plastic straws would be utterly destructive to the rights of disabled people. Seattle’s ban on plastic straws did exempt disabled people, and they could receive one on request. However, this is optional, and restaurants aren’t required to fulfill that need. Further, it requires disabled people to provide proof of their necessity, which frankly, is scrutinizing. A ban on plastic straws is not equitable and encourages inhospitality for disabled people. Originally, bendable straws were made for those who could not reach straight straws and for those who did have the mobility to angle themselves to drink out of traditional straws. The inventor, Joseph Friedman who patented the straw in 1937, is credited for his improvement on accessibility. His invention is often used as a case study for “universal design,” a way of thinking that attempts to make products accessible to as many people as possible.

Image result for joseph friedman straw
Joseph Friedman and his design for a bendable straw

Twitter user @ChronicallyRavn sites a doctor and explains that before this universal design,

[Disabled people] aspirated liquids into their lungs and died of pneumonia.

Further, banning plastic straws comes with a huge sacrifice and little reward. The National Park Service estimates that Americans use 500 million straws a day. Although that may seem like a lot, straws make up a very small percentage of plastic waste in the ocean. In cleanups, plastic bottles and food wrappers make up most of the waste. However, eliminating plastic straws is a much simpler problem to tackle. Straws make up 4% of the plastic waste, and by weight, straws make up 2000 tons of the millions of tons of plastic that effects aquatic ecosystems every year. Although banning plastic straws is an easy step in the right direction, it is many steps backwards for accessibility.


This debate has left many people wondering if there is a way to reduce plastic waste while encouraging accessibility, especially when disabled people rely on many other waste-heavy products like pre-cut fruits and vegetables. From here, restaurants and cafes can work on providing choice, allowing customers to choose between compostable and plastic options, without further alienating a marginalized group. As well, instead of reducing accessibility for consumers, restaurants can focus on the reduction of plastic waste behind the scenes. In cafes, many items are individually packaged, just to be cooked or removed from the packaging by the workers. Also, many restaurants use plastic wrap to preserve food. A large amount of plastic waste could be reduced from restaurants if they could replace plastic wrap with reusable alternatives like metal lids. Aside from environmental initiatives, all restaurants and buildings must improve accessibility. Many customers experience problems entering buildings that lack ramps for wheelchairs or have heavy doors. Once inside, some even struggle to find sufficient seating. Employees must be able to support disabled folk by helping with entrance, the movement of products, and by treating all consumers with respect, to ensure a standard of absolute, unquestioned equity is met. Alice Wong, a disabled person who requires plastic straws and already struggles as a consumer with high counters, heavy doors, and communication, wonderfully explained,

If cafes can offer four types of milk for espresso drinks and restaurants 50 types of wine and beer, small businesses and large corporations can manage offering two types of straws. The key is to have the same level of access for all items. You can accommodate all your customers while reducing waste at the same time. Customers respond to choice and flexibility.

Because in the end, isn’t it all about welcoming everyone into your space with authentic and inclusive hospitality?


Sources-

The Eater

Time

Teen Vogue

CNN

Smithsonian

Chicago Tribune

Images-

Cover Photo

Ocean Pollution

Joseph Friedman


A Note from the Author:

When I saw the poster in the Keg’s common space that announced they would be switching to compostable straws in an effort to increase sustainability, I was really excited. As someone who doesn’t have a disability or experiences problems with physical accessibility, I genuinely saw no issue. Personally, the state of the environment and Canada’s future is one of the most important political issues for me. I’m an environmentalist, but this conversation helped me realize that I don’t support environmental initiatives when they infringe on the human rights of others, which the elimination of plastic straws does. I don’t specifically remember how this issue was brought to my attention, but it has allowed me to gain some perspective on the continuous struggles of disabled people. Among other things, I continue to see buildings that aren’t wheelchair accessible, and the Starbucks near my house has such a heavy door, that sometimes I struggle to open it. I physically can’t imagine how the plethora of minor inconveniences for able-bodied people literally means the difference between independence and helplessness for disabled people. The disabled community already struggles with many other issues, including mistreatment from caregivers and issues with adequate, universal healthcare. Simple accessibility to the right of consumerism shouldn’t be added to the list. Abled-bodied people experience a privilege that often goes unnoticed because drinking and walking into buildings is something that is rarely acknowledged. With my privilege, I hope to further advocate for the rights of marginalized groups; the fight for accessibility shouldn’t be a burden felt only by disabled people. For me and many others, it doesn’t matter if I use a straw or not, but if it is vital for others, ca hoice should become commonplace. Truly, I hope that debates like this and an increased awareness about issues surrounding the disabled community, gives this marginalized group a platform to express issues that they experience everyday, leading to definitive change.

My Time At Stanford’s Summer Institutes!

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This summer, I had the wonderful opportunity to attend Stanford’s Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes for creative writing! It was such an extraordinary, and, not to sound cliché, but, life-changing 3 weeks that I consider myself lucky to have experienced. To introduce the program, Stanford Pre-Collegiate Studies (SPCS) offers numerous courses in which middle and high schoolers can apply for, ranging from creative writing to astrochemistry to political science. If accepted, students will get the chance to spend 3 weeks on Stanford’s campus, learning about that specific course from a professional in that field and college students who are majoring/minoring in or relating to that subject.

Before going, I was really nervous to be away from home for 3 weeks and to live with a bunch of strangers, but upon arriving there, I knew I was going to have a great time. A group of people literally came to my dorm room to greet me on my very first day! It was unlike any first day I’ve had; it was so extremely welcoming, my fear of not finding anyone to sit with disappeared quickly. The first night, our entire dorm house played icebreaker games to get to know one another, which I think helped with the settling in process. It was during those games I met the two people who would go on to become some of my best friends there. Getting adjusted to a surrounding of new people is not easy, but Stanford somehow managed to make it feel like a family in about a week. I recognize that this is good practice for college, when I’ll be living with a group of students, miles away from home. But if it’s anything like this, I know for sure I’ll have a blast.

3 weeks may seem like forever, but trust me, when you’re there, 3 weeks will have felt like 3 days. You know what they say about how time flies when you’re having fun. Imagine living with your best friends every day, that’s what it’s like. And I know it’s cheesy, but the memories you make there will definitely last you a lifetime. Stanford does an amazing job of keeping things interesting, I don’t remember being bored once; there was always something to do. On Saturdays, we had off-campus field trips–they took us to San Francisco’s Museum of Modern Art and the beach–and on Sundays, it was more relaxed, we had a carnival day and a s’mores bonfire. Sometimes, if there were events happening in Stanford, we’d get a chance to go to them. For us, it was listening to the Zora string quartet! Other than that, there were organized activities every afternoon such as sports, crafts or movies, and during the evenings, there was always free time for you to explore the beautiful campus.

On weekdays, I had classes every morning and study periods in the afternoon. We had homework, yes, but it was enjoyable work, believe it or not (that exists). That’s one of the reasons why this program was so great, you’re there doing things you actually want to do, unlike school where you learn what the education board decides. At SPCS, you choose your own course, you get to do what you like and you’re surrounded by people with the same interests. Nobody was complaining about how boring the class was or how much they didn’t want to learn it; everyone there had some sort of passion towards the course they were enrolled in. It was different from anything I had ever experienced, being in a class full of kids who were excited about the same things as me. We all helped each other with revising our work and bouncing ideas off one another. It was honestly unforgettable, I wish every single class in my school was like this.

One thing I think I’ll remember most will definitely be the people I met. When the counsellors told us at the beginning that the friendships we’d make there would last a lifetime, I was like “yeah, right”, but near the end of the camp, I began to realize how much the friends I made really affected me. I had never been with so many caring, kind, smart, fun and thoughtful people in my life, it didn’t hit me until the night before departure day that I would never see them again and it absolutely broke my heart. Especially our final goodbyes and words of encouragement; it was a waterfall of tears. But as I left, all I tried to think about was that quote from Dr. Seuss: “Don’t cry because it’s over. Smile because it happened”, and that’s what I think is important.

This camp had been the time of my life and of course, I’m sad that it’s finished, but the memories from Stanford will be around forever. I highly suggest taking a look at Stanford’s Pre-Collegiate Summer Institutes for your next summer. It’ll be worth it 100%, I promise. x