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Sora: Open AI’s New Text-To-Video Generator

Lucy Choi
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Sora: Open AI’s New Text-To-Video Generator

Sora has been announced by OpenAI, the San Francisco-based company famously known as the creator of Chat GPT and Dall-e image generator. Sora is the latest upgrade in generic artificial intelligence that can make short realistic videos from written prompts, which was unveiled on Thursday.

What can Sora do?

It can create high-quality videos of up to a minute in length from a command of short text (prompt). In addition, Sora can extend a short video or convert a photo into a video. Examples include a range from animated monsters and kangaroos to realistic videos such as a woman walking down a street in Tokyo or a cinematic video of a spaceman on a salt desert.

The tool is currently in a testing phase for a limited number of creators and is not yet publicly available. 

What differentiates Sora?

Meta, Google, startup Runaway ML, and other companies have already demonstrated the text-to-video technology before Sora. However, Sora demonstrates a high-quality video, and it raises ethical and societal concerns for some groups of people. 

OpenAI addressed this problem by quoting,

“We are working with red teamers — domain experts in areas like misinformation, hateful content, and bias — who will be adversarially testing the model,” the company said in its statement. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content, such as a detection classifier that can tell when Sora generated a video.”

Open AI also added they are creating new techniques to prioritize ethics and ensure the implementation of safety precautions that are used in programs such as DALL·E 3 for Sora. For example, Open AI says their text classifier will check and reject text input prompts violating their usage policies. The usage policies include extreme violence, hateful imagery, sexual content, celebrity likeness or the IP of others. Open AI has developed an image classifier that reviews the frames of every video generated to ensure that it adheres to policies before it is provided to the user. 

Safety Tool to Test Sora

Open AI addressed that the current Sora model has weaknesses, including confusing right and left or failing to maintain visual continuity throughout the video.

Open AI said, “We’ll be engaging policymakers, educators and artists worldwide to understand their concerns and to identify positive use cases for this new technology.”

The company said they would implement adversarial testing called red-teaming on Sora to strengthen safety. Red-teaming will make dedicated users try to make the platform fail by producing inappropriate content.

Article Sources 1 / 2 / 3

Image Sources 1

Celebrate Black History Month: Daisy Bates

Jeanne Y
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Celebrate Black History Month: Daisy Bates

February is Black History Month. A time to commemorate the contributions of important Black figures in history, as well as a time to respect and remember the difficult fight for diversity and racial equality. This article will be celebrating the life and contributions of a nationally recognized black American woman by the name of Daisy Bates.

Her Story

In 1917, racism exposed itself to three-year-old Daisy Bates for the first time when three white men attempted to sexually assault, and eventually murdered, her mother. Fearing attack from those who did not want an investigation into the crime forced her father to leave. Only just a baby, Daisy Bates was left behind as an orphan and raised in a foster home. There was no investigation for the crime that tore the family apart.

Daisy Bates met her future husband at a young age, and together they travelled around southern US. They eventually settled in Little Rock, Arkansas, and wrote a newspaper together which they called The Arkansas Weekly. It was solely dedicated to the Civil Rights Movement, and collaborated with many Civil Rights organizations. This made her a popular figure in the movement.

The Little Rock Nine Project

The Little Rock High School

When the Supreme Court ruled segregated schools as unconstitutional in 1954, Bates began pushing to enroll black students at established “white” schools. She persisted, although many schools rejected the students. She used her newspaper to publicize the schools that accepted the black children. Due to her role in the integration of black students however, she quickly became a target of aggression and had to shut down the newspaper soon after to ensure her own safety.

Daisy Bates is best known for her project known as “The Little Rock Nine,” which involved ending racial segregation at The Little Rock High School by enrolling nine black students. On the first day of school, police officers had to sneak the students into the building for fear of protesters. Despite the precaution, when protesters discovered that there were black students within the school, they confronted the guards. The students had to be taken home, but they returned the next day escorted by U.S. Army paratroopers.

Further Contribution

Bates worked relentlessly to ensure the safety of the students she enrolled, joining the school’s parent council and consistently advising the children. All of them graduated, and after the success of her project Bates began to write memoirs. The First Lady at the time, Eleanor Roosevelt, wrote a foreword for the book highly praising it. This gathered a lot of attention for Daisy Bates. She used it to advance her efforts in the Civil Rights Movement, and eventually won national recognition for her efforts against racism. Because she was one of the only female civil rights figures, she recieved an invitation to speak at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963.

Daisy Bates died in 1999, and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom. She will forever be remembered as a crucial figure in the Civil Rights Movement and in desegregation of American schools.

Sources: 1, 2

Driving in Winter Conditions

Hanrong
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Driving in Winter Conditions

Featured Image by Julius Silver from Pixabay

A normally relaxing activity turned nervous

Here in Canada, February marks the last full month of winter each year. However, the warmer temperatures still mostly elude us, and we continue to deal with the challenges of snow and ice as presented by the winter season. Traveling is perhaps one of the daily routine tasks that has been made the most difficult by the winter conditions, and it is crucial to stay safe when reckless behaviors only put everyone in jeopardy.

Preparing for the weather

Changing to winter tires is usually the first thing many drivers do to prepare for the oncoming winter. It is generally recommended to switch tires when the temperature falls less than 7 degrees Celsius. In advance, it would also be very beneficial to check the vehicle’s battery, brakes, heater, and windshield wipers before the snow and extreme cold season starts.

An emergency kit is also highly necessary for winter driving. An emergency kit should not only include a first aid kit, but also blankets, maps, extra clothing, flashlights, a fire extinguisher, and in some cases, a set of booster cables. Always keep the car’s gas tank more than halfway filled to reduce excess moisture building in the gas tank. This protects the car and ensures the driver won’t ever have to run out of fuel while driving in freezing conditions. 

Every time before going out when snowing, check to make sure that the lights, as well as the license plates, are visible and free of snow and ice. It is also highly important to clean snow off of the windows (including side windows) and the side view mirrors. 

Image by Ioannis Ioannidis from Pixabay

Driving Techniques

The Alberta Government website presents many good tips and advice on how to drive when the roads are slick and the daylight time is short. First, the speed at which drivers travel must be slower than the posted speed limit; individual conditions still vary, so make sure to still keep a proper speed on highways. Also, when encountering snowplows, follow behind them at a safe distance, until they permit you to pass by them. We should respect the safety of city road workers, as they are doing the great task of cleaning up our streets from snow. 

It is also important that sudden turns, accelerating, and braking should be avoided. It is simply best to keep a safe following distance (in fact, three times as long as how you normally would keep) with the car ahead while avoiding exaggerated changes in speed and direction when turning or changing lanes. Also, drivers traveling on rural highways should not use cruise control, as it severely impedes the ability of the driver to make adjustments based on real-life condition changes.

When driving on bridge decks, always exercise an increased amount of caution, as the heat that warms up the ground is often reduced on bridges, making these settings more slippery to travel on. When driving through roads with natural curves, just keep the speed at an appropriate pace before entering the curve, and hold it steady. For traveling up hills, also make sure to keep the speed relatively constant throughout.

Losing control of the vehicle is very common in winter driving conditions. When this happens, the first thing the driver needs to do is to stay calm, and not brake harshly. Instead, release the brake and steer the wheel in the right direction. Start braking only when the car is under control again.

It truly takes the effort of everybody in the city, the residents, road workers, and the government (which provides Highway Operations), to maintain a high standard of safety when driving in extreme wintry conditions. As such, let’s all be responsible, patient, and prudent drivers and make sure everyone can get to their destination successfully at the end of the day! 

5 Easy Recipes to Celebrate Lunar New Years

Jeanne Y
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5 Easy Recipes to Celebrate Lunar New Years

Welcome the Year of the Dragon on the Lunar Calendar with a few traditional celebratory dishes!

Commonly known as “Chinese New Years,” this holiday is actually celebrated all over Eastern Asia. These countries include Vietnam, Japan, and South Korea. Similar to the Gregorian New Year (which is celebrated on the first of January in many places, including Europe and North America), there are many traditional festivities that go along with the holiday. These festivities change slightly depending on regions and cultures, but welcoming the Lunar New Year everywhere typically has a few things in common: firecrackers, red envelopes, and food.

Lots and lots of food.

Although the foods eaten during Lunar New Years also vary depending on where it is being celebrated, show some appreciation for a different holiday with these four recipes of the most common foods eaten during Lunar New Years!

1. Dumplings

One of my personal favorites, dumplings are arguably one of the most versatile foods ever. Really the only thing that stays consistent is the shape. There are endless combinations of of filling types, including pork, shrimp, and eggs with chives. When I was younger, dumplings made up the majority of my diet because they were so versatile. My mom even used to fill a few with brown sugar as dessert!

It’s considered lucky to eat dumplings on Lunar New Years because they resemble money pockets. This symbolizes prosperity and fortune during the upcoming year. You can cook them in a variety of ways, including pan-fried (which is also known as potstickers), boiled, and steamed.

Making dumplings is also traditionally done with the family, because it can be quite time consuming. So if you’re looking for an afternoon project that will involve the whole family (and result in a scrumptious dinner), here is a pretty basic recipe that you can easily adjust to your own tastes.

2. Spring Rolls

Like dumplings, spring rolls also symbolize prosperity. Their golden brown color and long shapes resemble gold bars, and it’s said that eating spring rolls can bring good fortune.

The wrapping, filling mixtures, and cooking methods also greatly vary on the culture from which they come from, but one thing remains the same: spring rolls make an incredibly tasty appetizer and side dish. They can be served alongside many different dishes and sauces, and it’s this versatility that makes spring rolls such a hit.

It might be more convenient to find frozen spring rolls from the grocery store, but I beg you to give this homemade recipe a shot. Like hot cocoa and chocolate chip cookies, spring rolls are simply better when they’re made at home!

3. Deep-Fried Sesame Balls

Deep-fried sesame balls are to die for. My personal favorite dessert of all time, the golden deep-fried sesame balls are made from glutinous rice, rolled in sesame, and filled with either sweet red bean paste, or with black sesame paste.

Similar to other desserts eaten during the Lunar New Year, their round shape and golden color symbolizes luck. This is because the Chinese word for “round” is yuán, which sounds very similar to the word for “luck”, which is yùn.

You can find these amazing desserts at Asian supermarkets like T&T, or you can try this recipe!

4. Changshou Mian (Longetivity Noodles)

These noodles are similar to the Japanese ramen, but the noodles are wider and lack the distinctive curl of ramen. The literal translation of changshou mein being “long life noodles,” this dish stars noodles which symbolize having a long life!

Changshou mian has many different adaptations and styles, and it’s very simple to make. With lots of different toppings and soup bases, this traditional Chinese noodle soup is simple and absolutely delicious. Try out this recipe!

Happy Lunar New Years!

My Life with the Walter Boys – What you need to know

Diya Kunisetty
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My Life with the Walter Boys – What you need to know

SPOILER ALERT for Netflix’s “My Life with the Walter Boys”! (Book is also available. Author: Ali Novak)

Jackie Howard is a teenage girl living a perfect life. She has a wonderful family consisting of a fashion-designer mom, a loving dad, and an amazing older sister. She attends an all-girls prep school in Manhattan, New York, and is currently on track to getting into her dream school. Princeton. As we are first introduced to her in the show, Jackie is portrayed as being a highly intelligent, goal-oriented, and very ambitious girl. But all of a sudden, she receives some terrible news during an event (that Jackie happened to organize).

Her whole family died in a car accident.

After the tragic incident, Jackie is thrown away from her privileged, preppy life in New York, and is welcomed into a rural home in Colorado. Jackie moves into a “seemingly” ordinary family – except for the fact that she has to live with 10 boys.

Katherine and George Walter were extremely close family friends with Jackie’s parents, so her parents ensured that if anything ever happened to them, Jackie would live with the Walters.

As Jackie moves in with the Walters, we are introduced to the boys:

Will, Cole, Danny, Nathan, Alex, Isaac, Lee, Jordan, Parker, and Benny.

Things start to get pretty interesting on the show as a love triangle emerges between Jackie, Alex, and Cole (the two love interests of the show). Cole is more of the “popular, football player” kind of guy, while Alex is the “sweet book-ish” boy. As we progress through the show we learn a lot about their different personality types- and the fact that both Alex and Cole like Jackie.

Throughout the show, many dramatic events occur and we learn a lot about Cole and Alex’s relationship (it ain’t good)- which helps deepen the plot and create rich, yet stereotypical characters. I’m not saying that it is a bad thing that Cole and Alex are the stereotypical love interests (popular blonde athletic boy, and shy book boy), because the directors were still able to hook the viewers to the show.

One thing that made everyone in the show (including the viewers) so attracted to Cole, was because of this thing called “The Cole Effect”. “The Cole Effect” was a saying that went around school because Cole Walter was so “irresistible “. (Let’s just say he was hot). Alex on the other hand was the kind, sensitive, brunette boy, who treated Jackie like a princess.

Many cute and romantic moments happen between both Jackie and Alex and between Jackie and Cole which makes the decision between the two even more difficult.

In the middle of the show, Jackie then makes the shocking decision of who she wants. (Woah, imagine having to pick between 2 cute guys fighting over you). She chooses Alex.

As the show progresses, with many mixed feelings between Jackie, Cole, and Alex, something shocking occurs. In the last episode, after the wedding of Will and his fiancé Hayley, viewers are given the surprising- yet much-needed event of the show.

Jackie and Cole kiss.

After “The Kiss”, the next scene shows Jackie on a flight back to New York.

What just happened there?! Why did she just leave like that – after such a plot-twisting scene? What happened between Jackie and Alex? Does this mean that Cole and Jackie were the “meant to be” couple of the show? How could they just end the show on a cliffhanger?!

My Life with the Walter Boys gives us such an unexpected ending and leaves viewers pining for 2nd season.

Now here is the real question- should YOU watch the show?

I guess that depends on whether or not you like “coming-of-age” teen romance shows, or if you’re more of a James Bond & Mission Impossible kind of guy.

But trust me- “My Life With the Walter Boys” is something you don’t want to miss out on!

Source: 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

An update on the colonization of Mars

Crystal Lattice
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An update on the colonization of Mars
Introduction

Mars: the fourth planet in our solar system that has the possibility to inhabit life in the future. More than 50 years ago, humans have had their first mark on the moon. However, today, one of humanity’s biggest goals is to colonize Mars. With significant advancements in technology and with more to come, this insane goal may come to light in the far future. From space companies, like Space X, to researching Mars’ behavior as a planet, there are still incredible things to be done before humanity colonizes Mars, let alone reach the planet. When it comes to exploring the universe, humanity has sent satellites and drones incredibly far into the universe. Some of these technologies have passed beyond Neptune, the eight planet in our solar system. However, there is frighteningly little of the universe that humans are yet to colonize, including Mars.

Spacecraft travelling in space
Image by Victoria from Pixabay

Elon Musk and space industry’s current plans

Elon Musk, the founder of Space X, has planned to put the first person on Mars by 2029. However, the main challenge to achieve this is to safely transport that first person to the surface of Mars. On top of the harmful planet’s conditions, there are also problems that humans can encounter either on their way or when they are on Mars, including radiation, gravity, and mental health issues.

Elon Musk in a black screen with Mars on it
Image by Tumisu from Pixabay

Currently, along with the majority of space industries, Elon Musk and Space X’s plan is to test rockets and modify them so it can reach Mars safely. However, this is not an easy task and the Space X Starship has not yet made a successful flight. Although there is constant revolutionized changes to the rocket industry, getting a rocket to Mars is incredibly difficult. At the moment, there is not enough technology to create a suitable rocket that can safely land humans to Mars. With as low as 40% successful unmanned landing missions on Mars ever, technology is yet to be reliable for humans. In spite of that, those 40% landings prove that it is possible to transport materials to Mars. This means that it is just a matter of time before space industries improve to the point where humans can go to Mars!

Space Station on Mars
Image by Mollyroselee from Pixabay

Is it ever possible to colonize Mars?

There are a lot of controversy of whether it is ever possible to colonize Mars. While the answer to this question still remains uncertain, there are unfortunately more observed evidence against Mars’ ability to inhabit humans. For example, Mars is hundreds of degrees colder than earth and has a hundred times less atmosphere. To add on that, Mars’ atmosphere also has much less oxygen.

Mars
Photo by Javier Miranda on Unsplash

On the bright side, there are ideas of “terraforming Mars” ; to modify its atmosphere and make it suitable for human life. These ideas involve melting Mars’ polar ice caps, which would release trapped carbon dioxide molecules, a greenhouse gas, into Mars’ atmosphere and warm the planet over a long period time. However, at the moment, there are realistic arguments against the possibility of this of “terraforming Mars” from happening. With arguments ranging from our lack of necessary technology to Mars’ weaker magnetic core (meaning it cannot keep these gases from eroding), it does not seem possible to colonize the frozen and oxygen-deprived Mars at this moment. However, as humanity revolutionizes, it may be possible to colonize a habitable Mars in the far future.

Terraforming Mars, making it more Earth-like
Image by Tumisu from Pixabay – “Terraforming Mars”

 

How advancing technology can promise to help colonize Mars if possible

It is clear that technology has advanced over the years. From being able to fly in airplanes today to landings on the moon, there definitely been improvements throughout every industry. Along with technological advancements, there has been rovers that have been successfully placed on Mars to send information to us. One of these rovers currently exploring Mars’ surface is called Curiosity. Curiosity has first been placed on Mars with the purpose of searching for evidence that Mars had once supported Earth-like life. However, its current purpose is to help us study how Mars transformed into an inhospitable desert. All of this is to help us prepare for exploration on Mars. Curiosity is an example of a promising technology that can help colonize Mars is possible. By being able to transmit information, Curiosity helps humans learn about Mars, and there are many other technologies contributing to what we know about Mars.

A rover on Mars
Image by WikiImages from Pixabay
– A rover on Mars

Along with advancing technology to receive information about Mars, space industries, like NASA, is also advancing to send humans to Mars. As efficiency is a main consideration, space industries are working on figuring out how to use energy and space wisely. One of NASA’s ideas is to reduce travel time to get to Mars by testing powerful propulsion systems, like nuclear electric rockets. Some other ideas include “inflatable heat shields” for landings, high-tech spacesuits, and mobile research suitable laboratories. Although these ideas are under maintenance and heavy testing, these innovative technologies could promise a future of colonizing Mars.

Astronaut in a space suit
Image by WikiImages from Pixabay

The idea of colonizing a planet is an incredibly difficult task to achieve, and it almost seems impossible. However, this idea is indeed possible, as shown from the technological advancements and discoveries earlier. Although it will possibly take more generations for this idea to come to light, it is still entirely possible to colonize Mars. The space industry has certainly progressed over the years and in time, the industry and technology can improve to not only potentially colonize Mars, but also have the potential to physically explore the rest of our solar system!

Spacecraft travelling next to a planet
Image by Peter Schmidt from Pixabay

Source: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5

Images: 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 (Featured Image) , 6 , 7 , 8

Embracing Disconnect: The Significance of Unplugging

Kassidy Thompson
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Embracing Disconnect: The Significance of Unplugging

Our society has become increasingly reliant on technology in our everyday lives. We utilize it for navigation, to communicate with others and to find information, among other things. Let’s take a moment to think: Can you name at least one person in your circle that doesn’t own a computer and/or a touch-screen phone? I know that I can’t.

Originally, technology was meant to simplify out lives, however, it seems as though our lives have began to revolve around it. Phone addiction is prevalent. It’s rare to encounter a teen, like myself, who can go longer than 30 minutes without feeling the need to check their phone. While acknowledging that phones do not pose the same risks as drugs, it’s crucial to recognize that addiction, in any form, warrants serious attention and consideration within our society.

P.S: Brain scans show that screen time activates the same neural loops that narcotics do.

What Exactly Does It Mean To Unplug?

In short, unplugging means to disconnect from the online world by taking time away from your devices. Unplugging is important because it’s been proven to improve stress levels, mental health, attention span, boost creativity and solidify relationships.

Why Is It Important?

As previously mentioned, the act of unplugging has proven to improve relationships. Extensive research indicates that heightened phone usage correlates to decreased face-to-face interactions on average. Yet, beyond the statistics lies a truth we inherently recognize: our addiction to technology.

More often a distraction than a tool, technology frequently pulls us away from the present moment, diminishing opportunities for meaningful connections with those around us. This being said, increased phone usage facilitates isolation and tends to lead to introversion and social anxiety. Given our innate social nature, prioritizing genuine relationships, both platonic and romantic, is crucial for personal growth an the development of interpersonal skills.

Sources: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 /

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*   *:･ﾟ✧*:･ﾟ✧  ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ :*  *:･ﾟ✧  *:･ﾟ✧✧ ･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ :*    *:･ﾟ✧*: ･ﾟ✧✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*   *:･ﾟ

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Webtoon Jumpstart: My Top 5 Picks for Beginners!

Ms. Holmes
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Webtoon Jumpstart: My Top 5 Picks for Beginners!

Webtoon: What is it?

If you are not a fan of reading novels, but rather watching films instead, then Webtoon is the perfect blend for you! Webtoon is an online app where you can read many different comics. You can choose from a variety of different art styles, genres, and plots, where a new chapter (or episode-as it is called on the app) comes out every week for most stories. Here are my top 5 recommendations for 5 different genres to get you started. The best part? It is FREE!

1. Mystery/Thriller: Chasing Tails

A group of 9 college students met together for a group project, but the building suddenly collapsed on them! By the time they were rescued, only 6 were alive, and some of them were too traumatized to speak. But the real question is; Did the other 3 die because their body couldn’t hold on? Or did someone do it to them? Were they the only students on that building? After the detectives and the psychiatrist receiving mixed testimonies from the survivers, someone is clearly lying. Or are they? And doesn’t anyone notice, the ‘psychiatrist’ seems a bit… off? If your a fan of pschycological thrillers and mysteries, buckle up, because you’re in for a ride!

2. Romance: My In-Laws are Obssessed with me

If your into a slow-burn and non cliche type romance, this webtoon is for you! The protagonist, Pereshati is the daughter of a count. After her father passed away, her stepmother and her half-siblings plotted together to kill Pereshati for their own gains. However, what happens when Pereshati is sent back into time after her ‘death’? How will she react when she sees her family again? What happens when she meets the Grand Duke in hopes of seeking safety? What happens when she finds out the truth behind the Grand Duke’s bloodline? This story, is not the typical falling into love straight away type plot, but the author takes a rather realistic approach. Exploring the realms of trauma (of both men and women), mental health, acceptance, being an outsider, and familial bonds along the way. So, if you love slow-burn with a touch of mystery and fantasy, this one is for you!

3. Superhero: unOrdinary

With over 1.2 Billion views on Webtoon, follow the journey of an ordinary student’ named John, attending a presitigous highschool for students with superhero powers. Except, what happens if not everything is as it seems? With tons of action fights between students and outside of students, and a touch of mystery. Follow John’s journey navigating through school hierchy, fights, friends, enemies, frenemies, and his journey for acceptance of himself.

4. Action: Omniscient Reader

It was just an ordinary day for protagonist Dokja Kim. He was riding on the train while reading, when all of a sudden, the charcaters and the story merges comes to life and merges with HIS world! If you love gaming, then you will love this book! Can Dokja bring peace to his words along with his friends? Why exactly did this happen in the first place? With Dokja’s comedic dynamic,  and the internal anecdote, as well as the TONS of actions packed scenes with a variety of different villains with unique backstories which different readers can relate to, this one is definitely an action-packed hit!

5. Fantasy: The Lazy Lord Masters the Sword

Dealing with procrastination like many of us? Need motivation and feeling like your not enough? Always daydreaming of someone you want to be but feel like you can never? Then you will have no problem feeling motivated by Airen Farreira. After falling into depression (though not explicitly stated), and not doing anything but sleeping all day, he suddenly gets a reoccurring dream. One day, he has the stength, even if only for 5 minutes, to get up a pick up a Sword! Follow Airen’s journey, to becoming a stronger swordsman despite starting off at the very bottom.

I hope you like one of these recommendations! ALSO, if you don’t want to wait a whole week to read the new chapter/episode, you can either watch a limited number of ads, or pay with coins once you have reached that limit. Unfortunately, those coins cost money (very cheap for the amount however), so here is a first-come first-serve referral code for the first person use it within 7 days of creating their new webtoon account; to get some FREE COINS! (Note- you can get free coins when webtoon holds certain events!): V12G77G

Thank you for your time! Enjoy reading!

Blurry Vision On the Rise

Bhavya C
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Blurry Vision On the Rise

Photo by Will on Unsplash

The numbers are on a steep rise. Myopia is growing at a faster rate than ever! Also known as nearsightedness, myopia is a vision condition that causes the blurriness of distant objects while objects closer to the eye appear just fine. This phenomenon occurs due to the elongation of the eyeball. That is to say the inaccurate refraction of light due to the irregular shape causes the light to refract before it hits the retina. With the recent spike in myopia, a study has estimated an average of 30% of the global population being myopic and predicts a 20% increase in the next 25 years! In other words that is 50% of the global population by the year of 2050 who is struggling to see. Unfortunately in most cases this vision impairment is irreversible without surgery leaving those unaware at a severe loss. 

What Causes Myopia?

Myopia has multifactorial causes ranging from genetic to environmental factors. Research shows how genetics can predispose individuals to myopia. However the recent search in myopicness cannot be blamed solely on this reason. Environmental influences such as prolonged screen time, lack of outdoor activities and excessive near work are some major contributions. Excessive screen time has been linked to an increased risk in myopia for children and adolescents. The blue light emitted by these devices can cause the eye to dehydrate causing low quality of vision over a large period of time. Similarly, urbanization has changed our modern day activities to become much more indoors, limiting our exposure to natural light and fresh oxygen. Moreover, staying indoors increases the amount of time an individual decides to spend looking at objects within a close proximity. This causes an individual’s eyes to adjust to looking at a certain close distance, resulting in the eye changing its shape to adjust to the individual’s everyday habits. While these all may seem insignificant factors of our daily life they have proven critical for healthy eye vision.

Why does it Matter?

Despite having such serious consequences many people seem to underestimate the impact of this condition. High myopia prescriptions indicate a severe degree of nearsightedness, which increases the risk of complications such as retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma. In addition myopia can lead to visual impairment and decrease of quality of life. The only way out of it is early detection prevention and regulated checks minimizing the severeness the myopia can progress to.

What are some Preventative Strategies?

Optometrists and ophthalmologists play a crucial role in slowing and reducing the progression of myopia. They help patients find suitable glasses and contact lenses and provide guidance and warnings. Additionally, they introduce treatment options like atropine eye drops, multifocal lenses, and orthokeratology therapy. Orthokeratology involves wearing specialized lenses at night that are made from a harder material. These lenses reshape the cornea by applying pressure, flattening its surface and correcting vision for the majority of the following day. The effectiveness of orthokeratology depends on the severity of myopia. High degrees are harder to maintain and correct as they require more time to adjust and react to the lenses.  therapies like such help raise awareness about the causes and consequences of myopia.

In short, the increase in myopia cases globally demands attention and action. By understanding the concept of myopia and its impacts on the younger generation we can raise awareness together. This collective effort should change the way people respond to vision related illnesses. By promoting outdoor activities, healthy eye health and visual habits, the youth of tomorrow can work towards clearer vision and reduced myopia rates at the global scale.

Article Sources- 1/2/3/4

Image Sources- 1

Imagination in the Life of Pi

Bhavani Potdar
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Imagination in the Life of Pi

Imagination is irrational. It is dreaming of the ‘impossible’ and the ‘unknown,’ and has unlimited possibilities, continuing to any place that a person comprehends it to be. With this imagination, an individual can embrace any idea or prospect that they dream of, or want to achieve. The possibilities only stop at a place that a person wants it to end. As the idea or state of mind of possibilities increases, uncertainty increases, which leads to the saying that imagination can also increase an individual’s willingness to embrace an uncertain future. Oftentimes, it can be of best interest to embrace uncertainty through imagination and reject reality, as it can help lead individuals to achieve what is best for them. Yann Martel’s novel, Life of Pi, follows the story of Piscine Patel, who is a young boy that has to survive on a ship for 227 days, following a shipwreck on his way to Canada. Even though he has almost nothing at stake, his imagination is what propels him through surviving in the sea. Through Pi’s survival, Martel presents the idea that those who have imagination may be more willing to accept an uncertain future. A person’s imagination determines the extent of uncertain future they are willing to embrace. Pi embodies this idea by maintaining his sense of imagination, which is the ability that allows him to survive at sea. This is shown through Pi’s character development throughout his journey at sea, and his determination to reach Canada. 

From his childhood, Piscine Patel’s imagination was seen to reach no end. This starts out with his name which was nicknamed as Pi, a letter of the Greek alphabet used to represent the irrational number found from the ratio of diameter to circumference of a circle.  Like his name suggests, Pi was a person with an infinite and irrational sense of imagination. Growing up in a zoo, he felt a connection to animals, and imagined them in various sizes, shapes, and forms. His imagination was so vivid that he “may have anthropomorphized the animals till they spoke fluent English.” Pi could imagine an uncertain future, one that knew  no bounds, with him, the animals, and the world he had created. This imaginative sense of Pi also came from him practising three different separate religions Hinduism, Catholicism, and Islam. When faced with the prospect of choosing between the three religions, Pi begins to assert that “all religions are true.” With this saying, Pi shows that his imagination allows him to accept all religions, even if there are people mocking it or reprimanding against it; it allows him to accept the idea of an uncertain future which he envisioned. The idea of animals and religions he indulges in allows Pi to have this sense of imagination that begins to lead him into a future of uncertain possibilities and ideas. 

The premise of reality faces Pi, after he is stranded in a lifeboat at sea, suffering the loss of his family and beloved zoo animals. From here forth, he tries to avoid reality through this imagination he developed of animals and religion. After the shipwreck of Tsimtsum, Pi had lost all his family members, and was stranded alone in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, with violent ‘zoo animals’ and “impending death” looming over him. In this situation, his future in Canada is uncertain, there is nothing or no one to see him there, or no prospect of any rescue. However, his imagination comes to save him, providing an ability to survive in these tough circumstances, and pursue an uncertain life in Canada. The imagination that he uses mainly resides in his zoo animals and religions that he held onto from his childhood. He said “I felt like the sage Markandeya, who fell out of Vishnu’s mouth while Vishnu was sleeping and so beheld the entire universe.” Through this comparison, Pi transcends himself to a spiritual level, and this imagination allows him to put his surroundings into perspective, among the universe. While this is unsettling, the imagination of religion allows Pi into the willingness to survive in such an environment. In addition to this, Pi’s appreciation and imagination of his surroundings allows him to keep occupied out of his routine life at the ocean. He describes the ocean underneath him as “highways, boulevards, streets, and roundabouts, bustling with submarine traffic.” The commotion given to him by this view allows him companionship, and some sort of will to survive. He explains these emotions through the words of “lucky in some way,” showing that the animal background in the ocean is another element in his willingness to survive, no matter where his future may lie. The imagination of animals and religion does not fail Pi during his tiresome journey through the Pacific Ocean, and keeping on to it, allows him to continue the will to live. 

The strength of imagination in propelling one to embrace an uncertain future, even at some points by rejecting reality is shown by Pi in his determination to survive. At the end of the book, during an interview with Japanese investigators, when asked for a more realistic story, something which Pi describes as a “dry, yeastless faculty,” we find out that there are two versions of the story Pi can tell. In the more “realistic” and “rational” form, it is discovered that the animals in Pi’s journey were zoomorphized humans, with Pi representing the Bengal Tiger, Richard Parker, himself. The connections in the book to Richard Parker and Pi are very evident on the second read; Pi was using his imagination of animals to make up a story that he preferred. It gave him the outlet to separate his cannibalistic animal behaviour (which Pi described as a “[descent] to a level of savagery no one imagined possible,”) and his humane form. The works and acts that he had to do at sea, were better characteristics of an animal like Richard Parker. Earlier in the book, Pi was seen saying, “stories are highly recommended,” during his time at the boat, which represents exactly what Pi was doing, not only to pass time, but also to survive. Essentially, this indicates that Pi was able to come to terms with what he had to do for survival as Richard Parker, as he even mentions, “If I had the will to live, it was thanks to Richard Parker.” By this particular quote, Martel makes the direct reference that imagination gave Pi the willingness to survive and embrace his upcoming future. As Pi did not lose his sense of imagination, he was able to continue in the prospect of his uncertain journey, and ultimately survive, without comprising his moral values, and essentially accomplishing the impossible. 

In Life of Pi, Yann Martel uses the main character to convey that imagination gives a person the willingness to embrace an uncertain future. He depicts this by showing how imagination can be vital in giving a person the will to be able to accept situations, and see what is waiting for them in the future, even though it may be uncertain. In Pi’s case, he was able to survive the desperate circumstances he faced at sea through his use of imagination in religion and animals, and continue in the prospect of living. In times where his Pi is faced with a harsh reality, the more certain option of dying came across multiple times throughout his journey. However, his imagination leads him into the uncertainty of an nearly impossible survival and exciting future in Canada. Allowing his imagination to guide him enabled him to embrace uncertain future. It is Pi’s irrationality that allows him to survive in the middle of the Pacific Ocean for 227 days and leads him to a happy ending.

While reality may be rational, sometimes people need to pursue the uncertain future hidden in the irrationality of imagination to be able to achieve what’s best for them. 

Understanding O.J. Simpson Through CTE

Areej C
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Understanding O.J. Simpson Through CTE

Warning: This post references suicide and death in reference to the O.J. Simpson case.

Essential Question: Would OJ Simpson still have mens rea (intent) or be deemed a criminal for murdering his wife if it was found after his death for him to have the disease CTE?

* OJ was found innocent of this crime in the initial trial, but later was found guilty in civil court and was ordered to pay damages to the families of the victims. For the sake of this post, we will assume he did commit this crime and see how his actions line up with common CTE symptoms.

O.J. Simpson is known for many things, one being his sensational and captivating career as a running back for the Buffalo Bills, but more infamously known for the murder of his ex-wife. Orenthal James Simpson, a two-time All-American, started his career at the University of Southern California as a star running back, earning numerous awards recognizing his outstanding achievements, such as the Heisman Trophy. He played eleven seasons for the Buffalo Bills, concluding his career in 1979 after spending a single year with the San Francisco 49ers. Throughout the 135 games O.J. Simpson played in his lifetime, he experienced numerous incidents of possible head trauma, leading many medical researchers, such as Dr. Bennet Omalu and even O.J. himself, to believe he sustained injuries severe enough to develop Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, otherwise known as CTE. CTE is a brain disorder caused by multiple, constant traumatic head injuries and is associated with symptoms such as impaired judgment, impulse control, aggression, and other behavioral issues. To diagnose CTE, medical examiners need a post-mortem autopsy, meaning it is only to be diagnosed after the individual’s death. Out of the deceased NFL players examined, 345 out of 376 were found to exhibit signs of CTE in their autopsy. If, following his death, it is determined that O.J. Simpson suffered from Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, this would negate his mens rea in the crime of murdering Nicole Brown-Simpson and Ron Goldman. This means that if O.J. Simpson is found to have CTE, in the most pure legal sense, he would not be a criminal because of his clouded state of mind, lack of reasonable judgment, and unpredictable behavior.

The presence of a clouded and unclear state of mind can provide us with insights and potential reasoning into O.J.’s actions. Among the frequently associated symptoms with CTE, depression stands out as one of the most commonly observed. Despite their legendary careers, former NFL players Junior Seau, Dave Duerson, Aaron Hernandez, and Andre Waters all tragically committed suicide and were then later found to have CTE, linking their acts to a continuous battle with depression and unhappiness. In retrospect, these emotions were attributed to their extensive brain damage. In 1994, before Simpson’s arrest/surrender, the police extended his time to see a mental health specialist due to signs of ‘suicidal depression.’ Simpson’s attempted escape and potential suicide further underlined the impact of depression on his state of mind. During the infamous Bronco chase, another symptom, possible confusion, became apparent, once again prompting questions about Simpson’s mental state. His actions and impulses during the chase might lead an outsider to believe that Simpson was seemingly distraught and confused. Despite understanding the potential consequences and his role as a public figure, Simpson engaged in a dangerous, spontaneous, and erratic chase with the police. Such actions are impossible to pursue with a clear state of mind. Overall, both depression and confusion contribute to the understanding of O.J.’s unclear state of mind.

The inability to make reasonable judgments can cause individuals to act on impulse, emotion, and on a whim. Throughout the incident, from the murder to the Bronco chase, O.J. Simpson exhibited signs of this. Two key symptoms of CTE that may be connected to his actions are impulsivity and a lack of executive function in the brain. Firstly, examining O.J.’s actions through the lens of executive dysfunction provides potential physical damage affecting his actions. Executive dysfunction refers to the inability of the brain to make and manage one’s thoughts, emotions, or even actions. When O.J. made the irrational decision to murder his ex-wife and her ‘supposed affair,’ he did it out of pure spite, revenge, and anger. This action exhibits signs of the inability of the brain to make clear, and reasonable judgments and assumptions. This action illustrates a clear difficulty in the brain to make logical and reasonable judgments, as encountering an ex-wife post-divorce logically shouldn’t trigger such extreme reactions. Unfazed by this, he decided to take their lives. Related to the lack of executive functioning, impulsivity proves itself relevant. He impulsively took Nicole and Ron’s lives, he impulsively tried to escape through a car chase, and he impulsively attempted to commit suicide. All these actions, all committed on a whim, allow us to conclude that these actions could be attributed to a significant condition such as CTE. Both these symptoms are further evident when examining why O.J. was at Nicole’s in the first place. He found himself at Nicole’s place, as he was stalking and surveilling her. This wasn’t out of the ordinary for O.J. as he was frequently stalking and following her around. Impulsivity often involves acting without careful consideration of possible consequences, and stalking behavior can be driven by these same impulsive and obsessive tendencies. The repetitive and intrusive nature of stalking suggests that the brain is struggling to manage and control its thoughts and actions properly.

From the beginning of O.J. and Nicole’s relationship, O.J. was constantly exhibiting signs of unpredictable behavior. Nicole, before following through with the divorce, had called 911 twice to express feelings of fear and call him ‘crazy’. In the transcripts of one of Nicole’s calls, we listen to her sobbing and explaining to the dispatcher how O.J. had broken into the back door and was ‘ranting and raving’. This alone displays O.J. ‘s unpredictable and senseless behavior through aggression toward Nicole. Another incident that allows us to see Simpson’s unpredictable behavior is the Bronco chase and the shocking and sudden change of events throughout it. When police initially called Simpson for questioning, he was compliant, relaxed, and cooperative. Later, when law enforcement discovered he had written a suicide note and was attempting to flee with a gun to his temple, it was a shock and completely unpredictable as he wasn’t deemed a ‘flight risk’. The complete 360-degree shift in  Simpson’s behavior is not only alarming but confusing, and can only be explained through the consequences of brain damage.

By referring to these three reasons, we can conclude behavioral recurrences between them all, reveal deeply stemmed issues and flaws in O.J. Simpson. Throughout the time of O.J.’s life after football including his marriage, murder, and trial, he exhibited signs of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy. The clouded state of mind, lack of reasonable judgment, and unpredictable behavior can be traced back to the damage he sustained through playing in the NFL. By no means should these reasons lessen the actions of O.J. Simpson, but allow us to see that his intent (or mens rea) wasn’t present. The consistency of these actions allows us to conclude that if O.J. Simpson is found to have CTE, he would not be considered a criminal. 

 

Sources: 

https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=7274&context=jclc

https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/22795470/oj-simpson-says-worried-cte

https://www.profootballhof.com/players/oj-simpson/

https://abcnews.go.com/US/concussion-doctor-bet-medical-license-oj-simpson-degenerative/story?id=36587331

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921#:~:text=Chronic%20traumatic%20encephalopathy%20(CTE)%20is,an%20autopsy%20of%20the%20brain.

https://www.bu.edu/cte/about/frequently-asked-questions/#:~:text=The%20symptoms%20of%20CTE%20include,end%20of%20active%20athletic%20involvement.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_trial_of_O._J._Simpson#:~:text=The%20police%20agreed%20to%20delay,and%20one%20to%20the%20public.

https://en.as.com/nfl/what-are-the-most-famous-cte-cases-in-nfl-history-n-2/#

http://simpson.walraven.org/911-1993.html#:~:text=The%20following%20are%20excerpts%20from,DISPATCHER%3A%20What%27s%20the%20problem%20there%3F

Image:

Photo by Robina Weermeijer on Unsplash

“From Labs to History Books: The Intersection of Science and Social Studies in High School”

Natania V
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“From Labs to History Books: The Intersection of Science and Social Studies in High School”

In the vast landscape of high school education, the academic disciplines of science and social studies often appear as distinct realms, each with its unique focus and methodologies. However, beneath the surface, an intricate web of connections exists, weaving together the empirical foundations of science with the analytical lenses of social studies. This article seeks to unravel the interplay between these subjects, illustrating how their connections enrich the educational experience for high school students, fostering a holistic understanding of the intricate tapestry of our global society.

1. Scientific Inquiry and Historical Analysis:

In the seats of science classrooms, students undergo a comprehensive journey where they are not merely recipients of information but active participants in the scientific method. Here, they learn to formulate hypotheses, design experiments, and meticulously analyze data, cultivating a nuanced understanding of the empirical foundations that underpin scientific knowledge.

These processes of scientific inquiry mirror the same analytical rigor demanded by the historical analysis undertaken in social studies classrooms. In the realm of history, students dive into narratives of the past, dissecting figures, events, and societal dynamics through a lens that extends beyond mere facts. In this context, historical analysis transcends a purely factual exploration and embraces the social and emotional dimensions that shape human experiences. This approach involves understanding the motivations, perspectives, and cultural contexts that influenced historical figures and events, thus providing a comprehensive view of the intricate interplay of societies throughout time.

2. Interdisciplinary Topics : 

Certain topics act as organic bridges between the realms of science and social studies, providing students with rich opportunities to peek into the interconnectedness of these disciplines. Environmental science serves as a compelling example, where the intricate dance of ecological principles harmoniously integrates with an in-depth comprehension of humanity’s historical impact on the planet. In exploring environmental science, students not only gain a scientific understanding of ecosystems, biodiversity, and climate but also embark on a historical journey through time. They examine the evolution of human interactions with the environment, from ancient civilizations to modern industrial societies, recognizing the profound implications of these interactions on the Earth’s ecosystems.

The study of epidemics and pandemics offers yet another illuminating intersection, necessitating students to synthesize scientific knowledge about disease transmission with a keen awareness of historical patterns and societal responses. As students look into the scientific intricacies of infectious diseases, they simultaneously trace the historical footprints of past pandemics, understanding how diseases have shaped societies and influenced historical trajectories. This interdisciplinary approach prompts students to consider not only the biological aspects of disease but also the social, economic, and cultural dimensions that contribute to the dynamics of pandemics throughout history.

  1. Global Perspectives :

The exploration of global issues stands as a pivotal juncture where the disciplines of science and social studies seamlessly converge, offering students an immersive and multifaceted understanding of the challenges that resonate across our interconnected world. A prime exemplar of this interdisciplinary intersection is the pressing concern of climate change. The complexities inherent in addressing climate change demand a nuanced approach that transcends the boundaries of individual subjects, necessitating the amalgamation of scientific insights, historical awareness, and societal considerations.

In the realm of climate change within the context of science education, students embark on a journey that extends beyond examining environmental processes. They grapple with intricate scientific principles, exploring the mechanisms of climate systems, the impacts of human activities on ecosystems, and the scientific projections for the future. Through this scientific lens, students gain a profound appreciation for the empirical underpinnings of climate change, reinforcing the vital role of science in understanding the mechanisms that drive global challenges.

Simultaneously, social studies contributes a crucial layer of understanding by contextualizing climate change within the broader tapestry of human history and societal evolution. Students explore the historical precedents of environmental transformations, delving into the societal factors that have contributed to the current climate crisis. This historical awareness fosters an understanding of how human activities, economic systems, and technological advancements have shaped and reshaped the environmental landscape over time.

  1. Ethical Considerations:

In science classes, the ethical discourse delves into the forefront of technological advancements, compelling students to grapple with profound questions surrounding genetic engineering and artificial intelligence. As students look into these cutting-edge fields, they confront ethical dilemmas related to the manipulation of genetic material, the implications of creating life artificially, and the potential consequences of technological innovations on humanity. These discussions challenge students to transcend the technicalities of scientific advancements and ponder the broader ethical implications, encouraging them to consider the moral responsibility accompanying technological progress.

Within the realm of social studies, ethical considerations become an integral facet of the examination of historical events, political decisions, and societal norms. Students are prompted to reflect on the ethical complexities surrounding significant moments in history, such as wars, revolutions, and social movements. Moreover, the exploration of political decisions invites students to scrutinize the ethical underpinnings of policy choices, governance structures, and societal norms that shape the fabric of human societies. This reflective process extends beyond the mere recounting of facts; it involves a critical engagement with the ethical dimensions that influence the course of history and impact the lives of individuals within societies.

5. Critical Thinking Skills:

The cultivation of critical thinking skills emerges as a central and shared objective in science and social studies education, demonstrating a commitment to fostering intellectual depth and analytical understanding among students. In the domain of science, analytical reasoning takes center stage as students grapple with the evaluation of experimental data. Here, they learn not only to interpret results but also to question assumptions, identify patterns, and draw meaningful conclusions from empirical evidence. This rigorous process not only sharpens their scientific acuity but also instills a broader capacity for systematic analysis applicable across diverse contexts.

A parallel emphasis on critical analysis is evident as students navigate the complexities of historical events, political systems, and cultural phenomena. The examination of historical narratives encourages students to question prevailing interpretations, scrutinize biases, and discern the multifaceted factors that shape societal developments. Political systems become not just structures to be memorized, but frameworks to be critically assessed, fostering an understanding of governance that transcends mere rote knowledge. Similarly, the exploration of cultural phenomena encourages students to consider multiple perspectives, challenging them to think critically about the diverse ways in which cultures evolve, interact, and influence societies over time.

In the high school educational landscape, the intersection of science and social studies forms a dynamic tapestry that enriches students’ understanding of the world. By recognizing the interconnectedness of these disciplines, educators can foster a holistic approach to learning, equipping students with the skills and insights necessary for navigating the complexities of our global society. As high school students embark on their educational journey, the integration of science and social studies serves as a guiding beacon, illuminating a path toward a comprehensive and interconnected understanding of the world around them. Through this harmonious fusion, students are better equipped to navigate the intricacies of the modern world, armed with a multifaceted lens that transcends individual subjects.

Nicki Minaj and Megan Thee Stallion Feud

Kassidy Thompson
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Nicki Minaj and Megan Thee Stallion Feud

In 2019, the dynamic duo of Megan Thee Stallion and Nicki Minaj graced the music scene with their powerhouse collaboration, “Hot Girl Summer”. During this period, the public perceived them as friends, with both artists expressing nothing but admiration for each other. Megan even went so far as to proclaim Nicki as one of her greatest idols. The exact origins of their feud remain uncertain. Perhaps it was ignited through Megan’s collaboration with Nicki’s rival, Cardi B on the song “WAP”. This collaboration sparked speculation that Megan and Nicki had a falling out. Or, it is possible that this feud stemmed from undisclosed drama that has yet to be released to the public. Regardless, the amicable vibes quickly vanished and their relationship nosedived.

In 2022, Nicki Minaj disclosed a conversation with an individual who allegedly encouraged her to consume alcohol during pregnancy and suggested she should consider an abortion. Notably, when Nicki publicly announced her pregnancy, this individual withheld congratulations until after Beyoncé had already extended hers. Therefore prompting Nicki to refer to the person in question as an opportunist. Her fanbase, the “Barbz,” put two and two together and pointed fingers at Megan Thee Stallion.

Nicki Minaj dropped a new single in March 2023, “Red Ruby Da Sleeze”, in which she took multiple jabs at her former colleague, Megan. She raps “700 on ’em horses when we fixin’ to leave/ But I don’t f*** with horses since Christopher Reeves.” Considering that Megan’s stage name is Megan Thee STALLION, the intended target is unmistakable. The most direct hit comes when Nicki declares, “That .40 cal a make ’em dance like a go-go,” a seeming allusion to the unfortunate incident in July 2020 when rapper Tory Lanez shot Megan in the foot. Reportedly, Lanez shouted, “Dance, b****!” during the incident. (Subsequently, he was sentenced to 10 years in prison).

The most recent segment of Megan and Minaj’s difficult relationship began when Megan released her latest single, “Hiss”, on Friday (26 January). The track opens with Megan’s declaration that she wants to “get this s*** off my chest and lay it to rest”, before later rapping the lines: “These h*es don’t be mad at Megan, these h*es mad at Megan’s Law / I don’t really know what the problem is, but I guarantee y’all don’t want me to start.” The reference to “Megan’s Law” alludes to the US federal law that mandates public access to information about registered sex offenders. This line is a veiled remark aimed at Minaj’s husband, Kenneth Petty, who is a registered sex offender after pleading guilty to attempted rape by force or fear at age 16. Her brother, Jelani Maraj, is also affected by this law as he was sentenced 25 years to life for predatory sexual assault.

Nicki Minaj took severe offense to this lyric and went on a social media tangent that lasted over 72 hours. So much so that it made people question whether she was on drugs (specifically cocaine), or had some sort of manic episode. In retaliation, Nicki released her song “Big Foot” on January 29th, which, despite her claims to the contrary, was widely perceived as a diss track to Megan. Notable lyrics include: “Bad b*** she like six foot, I call her, “Big Foot” / The b**** fell off, I said, Get up on your good foot”. The reference to Megan’s height (5 feet 10 inches) and the mention of her being shot in the foot by Tory Lanez. She also repeatedly accuses Megan of “lying on your dead momma,” a harsh allusion to the passing of Megan’s mother, Holly Thomas, due to a brain tumor.

Megan has yet to respond.

Sources:  1 / 2

✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*   *:･ﾟ✧*:･ﾟ✧  ✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ :*  *:･ﾟ✧  *:･ﾟ✧✧ ･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ :*    *:･ﾟ✧*: ･ﾟ✧✧･ﾟ: *✧･ﾟ:*   *:･ﾟ

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Movie Review: Wonka

Sukrutha
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Movie Review: Wonka

 

Do you have a sweet tooth? Are you looking to escape into a cinematic world filled with magic, joy, love, happy endings, and…chocolate? Then, the perfect movie for you is Wonka!

Wonka is a live-action, fantasy musical directed by Paul King and starring Timothee Chalamet as Willy Wonka. It is the third movie based on Roald Dahl’s children’s novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and follows the story of a young Willy Wonka, aspiring to share his one-of-a-kind chocolate with the world by becoming a world-renowned chocolatier. However, Wonka faces obstacles when trying to achieve his dreams as a group of three businessmen who have established a monopoly over the chocolate industry through bribes and other illegal practices and are determined to ensure that the world never eats Wonka’s chocolate. This movie is a journey into Willy Wonka’s adventure-filled life when he was trying to demolish the corrupt aristocracy in society by uniting everyone, rich and poor, through his chocolate which is always full of surprises.

My thoughts/opinions on the movie:

Unlike other film adaptations of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory where Willy Wonka is portrayed as an eccentric and rude person who is crushed by his life experiences, in the movie Wonka, we get to see another aspect of his personality in which he has a hatful of dreams and sees life with optimism. This personality of his made me as the audience of the movie truly admire the character and root for him for the duration of the movie. When Wonka can turn his dreams, which seem far-fetched and unlikely to happen, into reality, I end up sharing some of those feelings of triumph and joy that come with a happy ending!

I also thought that making the movie a musical was perfect! Many songs in the musical, such as the famous Oompa Loompa song were able to bring me the nostalgic feel and memories of my childhood watching the old film adaptations of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.

Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed Wonka, and would recommend it to anyone who likes a nice musical that would leave them with warm and fuzzy thoughts afterward!!

Electricity in the Air: How Bees Interact with Flowers

Claire Li
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Electricity in the Air: How Bees Interact with Flowers

I revisit a memory every summer when I walk outside: the time I discovered my horrible fear of bees and wasps. I was six years old, sitting in my uncle’s tractor as he showed me around his farm. In my right hand, I was holding a large bouquet of fresh wildflowers I had proudly picked the same day. As I carried these vibrant flowers around, I started to notice a cluster of bees gathering around my hands. No matter how fast I moved or swung my arms, a few bees would always linger around me. At six years old, it took me a while to understand that the bees were attracted to the flowers in my hand. Although I dropped the bouquet on the ground in a desperate attempt to escape potential bee stings, the experience first showed me how fascinating a bee’s attraction to a flower can be.

A few days ago, my biology teacher shared a short video about how bees “talk” to flowers. While I used to believe bees were only drawn by the smell of nectar or the specific appearance of flower petals, there’s actually much more to it!

Introducing a flower’s electric field! Did you know that flowers are slightly negatively charged? At first, it doesn’t seem to make sense as most plants are rooted in the ground, but the air around the plants can carry a high voltage that causes a negative charge to accumulate in flower petals. Bees, on the other hand, have a positive charge. As these buzzing insects fly, the friction from bumping into tiny molecules in the air causes bees to lose electrons, thus becoming positively charged. 

With the flower’s negative charge, bees are able to sense the electric field around flowers, allowing them to gauge what specific type of flower is around them and how much pollen that specific flower has. When a bee hovers around a flower, the negatively charged pollen can actually jump from the flower to the bee! Isn’t that interesting? 

Even more surprising is that bees also change the charge of the flower they land on, typically neutralizing the net charge. This allows other bees to tell whether a flower has been recently visited, or if the flower has sufficient pollen. Even tiny changes in the electric field around a flower can be detected by bees! This actually helps them estimate what kind of flower they land on because different-shaped petals will conduct electricity slightly differently. 

So how exactly can a bee sense an electric field? Well, no one knows for sure. However, there are many great hypotheses. One is that an electric field causes small electric forces that can push on the bees’ bodies or hairs in certain directions, allowing the bee to interpret the strength and direction of the electric field. Regardless of how bees sense an electric field, their ability to interact with negatively charged flowers is amazing. 

Now when I think back to the time I sat in my uncle’s tractor, terrified at the bees gathering around my hands, I reflect on how amazing the interaction between bees and flowers is! Who knew an electric field could play such an interesting role in a simple interaction we see every day? It seems to remind me that so many simple things in our lives are more complex than we perceive them to be! There’s so much left to discover.

 

Sources 1/2

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