Say hello to “Ardi,” a hominid who lived in what is now Ethiopia about 4.4 million years ago . The 110-pound, 4-foot female roamed forests a million years before the infamous Lucy, who was long thought to be the earliest skeleton of a human.
A study of Ardi, under way since the first bones were discovered in 1994, indicates the species lived in the woodlands and could climb on all fours along tree branches, but the development of their arms and legs indicates they didn’t spend much time in the trees. And they could walk upright, on two legs, when on the ground.
Formally dubbed Ardipithecus ramidus — which means root of the ground ape — the find is detailed in 11 research papers published Thursday by the journal Science.
“This is one of the most important discoveries for the study of human evolution,” said David Pilbeam , curator of paleoanthropology at Harvard’s Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology.
“It is relatively complete in that it preserves head, hands, feet and some critical parts in between. It represents a genus plausibly ancestral to Australopithecus — itself ancestral to our genus Homo,” said Pilbeam, who was not part of the research teams.
Scientists assembled the skeleton from 125 pieces.
Ardi was found in Ethiopia‘s Afar Rift, where many fossils of ancient plants and animals have been discovered. Findings near the skeleton indicate that at the time it was a wooded environment. Fossils of 29 species of birds and 20 species of small mammals were found at the site. Geologist Giday WoldeGabriel of Los Alamos National Laboratory was able to use volcanic layers above and below the fossil to date it to 4.4 million years ago! The pelvis and hip show the gluteal muscles were positioned so she could walk upright. Her feet were rigid enough for walking but still had a grasping big toe for use in climbing.
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